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目的研究镉负荷对镉作业人群的健康影响;探索分析不同镉负荷水平对镉作业人群健康的长期损害效应及其防治对策,预防和减少职业病的发生。方法参照有关标准和规范对深圳市龙岗区的镍镉电池企业进行职业卫生调查和作业场所职业病危害因素检测,较为全面反映镍镉电池企业存在职业病危害因素的种类、分布、浓度(强度)、人员接触、防护设施和个人防护等方面的情况。结果镉镍电池企业存在镉、镍、甲苯、二甲苯等职业病危害;镉粉尘超标严重;作业场所的空气中镉检测合格率仅为35.71%;接受职业健康检查的108名镉作业人群29例尿镉超标。结论深圳市镍镉电池生产企业缺乏职业病防护设施。作业场所存在较严重的镉粉尘污染,镉作业人员镉负荷比较高,有肾损害的情况,应采取积极有效的防治对策。
Objective To study the effect of cadmium load on the health of cadmium patients. To explore the long-term damage effects of cadmium load on the health of cadmium patients and its prevention and control measures to prevent and reduce the occurrence of occupational diseases. Methods With reference to the relevant standards and norms, the occupational health investigation and workplace occupational hazards in the nickel-cadmium battery enterprises in Longgang District of Shenzhen City were examined. The types, distribution, concentration (intensity), occupational hazards, Contact, protective equipment and personal protection and other aspects of the situation. Results Cadmium, nickel, toluene, xylene and other occupational hazards were found in cadmium-nickel battery enterprises. The cadmium dust exceeded the standard seriously. The passing rate of cadmium in the air of the workplace was only 35.71%. In 108 cadmium workers receiving occupational health examination, Cadmium exceeded. Conclusion Shenzhen nickel-cadmium battery manufacturing enterprises lack of occupational disease protection facilities. There is more serious cadmium dust pollution in the work place. Cadmium cadmium load is relatively high, with kidney damage, should take active and effective control measures.