论文部分内容阅读
乾隆朝的社仓有一个阶段性的演进过程。以乾隆初为主至十几年的推广、探讨时期;二十年代的整顿社仓;三四十年代社仓的有效运转;五十年代社仓趋向衰败。乾隆帝即位后,继续在全国推行雍正朝制定的社仓救荒政策,右通政李世倬奏请将社仓设有社长并于春借、秋还之时注册具报定例颁行推广全国,乾隆帝命各督抚讨论,这是乾隆朝第一次较大规模整饬社仓问题。集中于乾隆五年有关朱熹《社仓事目》11条的讨论,可以视为第二次。第三次是在乾隆六年,《清会典则例》收录该年3条有关奖励方法的则例。乾隆初中期,诸多省份致力于社仓建设,证明社仓的运行。第四次是在乾隆二十三四年。围绕保证社仓的社谷充实,各省采取了一些措施。乾隆后期的各省社仓资料集中在三四十年代,主要有四川、河南、云南、江西、安徽、江苏、湖北、福建、山西、湖南、山东、陕西12省。这时的社仓达到了乾隆朝也是有清一代的鼎盛时期。清代社仓实践始于康熙朝,推行与雍正朝,社仓基本制度建立后,更重要的是保证制度的实行与完善,这恰是乾隆朝的整饬社仓实践。
Society of Qianlong Dynasty has a gradual evolution of the stage. In the early period of Qianlong to promote more than a decade, to explore the period; twentieth Century reorganization social positions; 1940s social silos effective operation; 1950s warehouse tendencies decline. After Emperor Qianlong ascended the throne, he continued to implement the policy of saving the deserters in the whole country, which was set up by the Yongzheng Dynasty. He was invited by the Right Administration Li Shizhu to register with the president and apply for the promotion of the whole country at the time of the Spring, The imperial life of the governors to discuss, this is the first large-scale Qianlong reorganization of social issues. Focus on the five years of Qianlong Zhu Xi “social events” 11 discussions, can be regarded as the second. The third is in six years of Qianlong. The “Rules of the Qing dynasty” included three examples of reward methods in that year. In Qianlong Middle School, many provinces devoted themselves to the construction of social warehouses and proved the operation of social warehouses. The fourth is in Qianlong twenty-three years. Around the community to ensure community social valley enrichment, the provinces have taken some measures. In the late 1940s and 1940s, the data of social warehouses in the later period of Qianlong mainly concentrated in 12 provinces of Sichuan, Henan, Yunnan, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu, Hubei, Fujian, Shanxi, Hunan, Shandong and Shaanxi provinces. At this time the agency reached the Qianlong Dynasty is also the heyday of the Qing generation. Since the practice of social warehouses in the Qing Dynasty started in the Kangxi Period, the implementation of the basic system of social reintegration with the Yongzheng Dynasty and the establishment of the social warehouses was more important. The implementation and perfection of the system of guarantee was the most important.