脑血管疾病是由各种血管源性病因引起的脑部疾病的总称,是一种主要的致死、致残的常见病,它与心脏病、恶性肿瘤构成人类的三大致死原因。在我国许多城乡地区,脑卒中的患病率更是高居首位,在医院神经科的住院病人中,脑血管病患者约占1/4～1/2,若在急诊科的话,比例更高。临床常将脑血管疾病分为急性和慢性两种类型,急性脑血管疾病是一组突然起病的脑血液循环障碍,表现为局灶性神经功能缺失,甚至伴发神志不清,称为脑血管意外或脑卒中,主要包括脑梗死、脑出血和蛛网膜下腔出血,可单独或结合存在,亦可反复发作。慢性脑血管疾病是指脑部因慢性的血液供应不足,导致脑代谢障碍和功能衰退,症状隐袭,逐渐进 Cerebrovascular disease is a general term for brain diseases caused by various vasogenic causes. It is a major common cause of death and disability. It constitutes the three leading causes of death in humans with heart disease and malignancies. In many urban and rural areas of our country, the prevalence of stroke is the highest in the first place. Among the hospital neurological inpatients, cerebrovascular disease accounts for about 1/4 ~ 1/2, if in the emergency department, the proportion is higher. Clinical often divided into two types of acute and chronic cerebrovascular disease, acute cerebrovascular disease is a group of sudden onset of cerebral blood circulation disorders, manifested as focal neurological deficits, even with confusion, known as the brain Vascular accidents or strokes, including cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage, may exist alone or in combination, but also recurrent. Chronic cerebrovascular disease refers to the brain due to chronic lack of blood supply, leading to cerebral metabolic disorders and functional decline, symptoms insidious, and gradually