国内外研究结果一致表明,社会支持对身心健康有显著影响,即社会支持的多少可以预测个体身心健康的水平。评定社会支持有三个维度:一个是客观的、可见的或实际的支持,包括物质上的直接援助和社会网络、团体关系的存在和参与,后者是指稳定的关系(如家庭、婚姻、朋友、同事等)或不稳定的社会联系(如非正式团体、暂时性的社会交际等)的大小和可获得程度,这类支持独立与个体的感受,是客观存在的现实。另一个是主观的、体验到的或情感上的支持,指个体在社会中受尊重、被支持、理解的情感体验和满意程度,与个体的主观感受密切相关。虽然感受到的支特并不是客观现实,但是被感知到的现实却是心理的现实,而正是心理的现实作为实际的(中介)变量影响人的行为和发展。因此,感受到的支持比客观支持更有意义;然而,这并不否认客观主持的意义,实际上, The results of both domestic and international research consistently show that social support has a significant impact on physical and mental health, that is, how much social support can predict the individual’s physical and mental health. There are three dimensions in the assessment of social support: one is objective, visible or actual support, including material direct assistance and social networks, the existence and participation of group relationships, the latter refers to stable relationships (such as family, marriage, friends , Colleagues, etc.) or unstable social connections (such as informal groups, temporary social interactions, etc.). Such support for independence and individual feelings is an objective reality. The other is subjective, experiential, or emotional support. It refers to the emotional experience and satisfaction of the individual being respected, supported and understood in the society and closely related to the individual’s subjective feelings. Although the feelings of Beit are not objective reality, the perceived reality is psychological reality, and it is the reality of psychology that affects the behavior and development of human beings as the actual (intermediary) variable. Therefore, the feeling of support is more meaningful than objective support; however, this does not deny the significance of objective domination. In fact,