地下工程中的隧道,输水工程中的涵洞等都常做成廊道型孔口。坝体的内部为了输水、排水、视察、灌浆等用途,需要布置各种孔口和廊道,由于这些孔口的存在,势必不同程度地影响原有的应力分布,特别是在孔口周边发生应力集中现象。孔口附近的应力分析问题,通常作为弹性力学平面问题来处理,并根据孔口大小与外边界的距离不同可以分三种处理方法:(1)小孔口问题,首先求出实 Underground tunnels, culverts and other water projects are often made corridor-shaped orifice. For the purposes of water delivery, drainage, inspection, grouting and other purposes, various kinds of orifices and corridors need to be arranged inside the dam. Due to the existence of these orifices, the original stress distribution will inevitably be affected to varying degrees, especially around the periphery of the orifice Stress concentration occurs. Stress analysis in the vicinity of orifice is usually dealt with as a problem of elastic mechanics plane. According to the difference of orifice size and outer boundary, there are three kinds of treatment methods: (1) Small orifice problem,