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目的:了解成都主城区区呼吸道感染住院患儿肺炎支原体(MP)感染情况,分析其流行特点,为临床的诊断治疗提供理论依据。方法:收集2013年1月至2015年12月儿科呼吸道感染住院患儿22 565例,采用间接免疫荧光法检测肺炎支原体(MP)Ig M抗体。结果:受检患儿MP呈阳性的2 852例,总阳性率12.64%,其中男性阳性率9.59%.女性阳性率17.15%,女性患儿阳性率高于男性,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=281.341、P<0.05)。不同年龄组间MP检测阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=1 395.788、P<0.05),学龄前儿童组、学龄期儿童组检测阳性率较高,分别为22.91%和23.08%。2013年MP检测阳性率14.66%,2014年MP检测阳性率13.18%,2015年MP检测阳性率10.47%,三年MP检测结果差异有统计学意义(χ~2=61.915、P<0.05)。而每年的1-3月、9-12月MP的检测阳性率较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。MP感染与每月PM2.5的变化无相关性(R=0.336、P>0.05)。MP感染最常见的疾病是支气管肺炎其次是急性支气管炎。结论:成都市主城区呼吸道感染患儿的肺炎支原体流行分布与性别、年龄、年份、月份均有关,与空气质量PM2.5无相关性;MP感染较高的疾病是支气管肺炎和急性支气管炎。
Objective: To understand the prevalence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection in hospitalized children with respiratory tract infections in the main urban area of Chengdu and to analyze the prevalence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP), so as to provide a theoretical basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods: Totally 22 565 hospitalized children with pediatric respiratory infections were collected from January 2013 to December 2015. IgM antibodies against Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) were detected by indirect immunofluorescence staining. Results: There were 2 852 MP positive cases in the tested children, the total positive rate was 12.64%, the positive rate of male was 9.59%, the positive rate of female was 17.15%, the positive rate of female was higher than that of male, the difference was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 281.341, P <0.05). The positive rate of MP in different age groups was significantly different (χ ~ 2 = 1 395.788, P <0.05). The positive rates of MP in preschool children and school-age children were 22.91% and 23.08% respectively. In 2013, the positive rate of MP was 14.66%. In 2014, the positive rate of MP was 13.18%. In 2015, the positive rate of MP was 10.47%. The difference of MP in three years was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 61.915, P <0.05). However, the positive rate of MP detected from January to March of each year was higher from September to December, with statistical significance (P <0.05). There was no correlation between MP infection and monthly changes of PM2.5 (R = 0.336, P> 0.05). The most common disease with MP infection is bronchopneumonia followed by acute bronchitis. Conclusion: The prevalence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in children with respiratory tract infection in the main urban area of Chengdu is related to gender, age, year and month, and has no correlation with PM2.5 of air quality. The diseases with higher MP infection are bronchopneumonia and acute bronchitis.