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病毒性肝炎是一种常见的传染病,近年来对本病研究有很大进展,兹将有关流行病学和病原学的资料综述如下。(一)流行病学资料:近年来国际上病毒性肝炎的发病率有上升趋势,如美国1972年甲型肝炎发病率比1966年增加2倍,乙型肝炎增加6倍。苏联的肝炎发病率比美国高10—40倍。目前国内流行的主要是乙型肝炎。由于乙型肝炎抗原(HBAg)的发现和某些检查方法的进展,对乙型肝炎传播的流行病学概念有了很大变化,过去认为乙型肝炎只能通过血行(输血或注射等途径)感染,目前证明也可经口或与本病患者密切接触后而获得。如文献报导一组有肝炎密切接触
Viral hepatitis is a common infectious disease, and great progress has been made in the research of this disease in recent years. The information on epidemiology and etiology will be summarized as follows. (I) Epidemiological data: In recent years, the international incidence of viral hepatitis has an upward trend. For example, in 1972, the incidence of hepatitis A in the United States doubled that of 1966 and that of hepatitis B increased sixfold. The incidence of hepatitis in the USSR is 10 to 40 times higher than in the United States. Currently the main epidemic is hepatitis B. The epidemiological concept of hepatitis B transmission has changed dramatically due to the discovery of Hepatitis B antigens (HBAg) and the progress made in certain test methods. In the past, hepatitis B was thought to be only transmitted by blood (blood transfusions or injections, etc.) Infection, the current evidence can also be oral or in close contact with patients with this disease obtained. As reported in the literature a group of close contact with hepatitis