新中国初期的工商业政策是稳健务实的,但政策执行有相当的难度,不免出现收放、紧松的摇摆,其承受方工商界的境况也随之沉浮起落,在经济生活中产生震荡和不安。政府有针对性地进行工商业调整,使工商界与政府的紧张关系趋于缓和。但经济结构内部的矛盾导致“五反”运动又一轮政策紧收,公私、劳资关系遽然激化,给经济秩序造成冲击。政府再度进行调整,但工商界元气大伤,已回不到过去“各得其所”的境况了。工商业政策就此转向对私营工商业进行系统的改造。政府与工商界关系的互动,是经济史研究中不可忽略的一个侧面。 The policy of industrial and commercial administration in early China was steady and pragmatic. However, the implementation of the policy was quite difficult, and the situation of receiving and releasing and tight relaxation inevitably led to the ups and downs of its industrial and commercial sectors. As a result, there was turbulence and unease in the economic life . The government has carried out targeted industrial and commercial adjustments so that tensions between the business sector and the government will be eased. However, the internal contradictions in the economic structure have led to a further round of policy tightening in the “Five Anti-Incident” campaign, which has exacerbated the public-private and labor-capital relations and has inflicted an impact on the economic order. The government once again makes adjustments. However, the strength of the industrial and commercial sectors has failed to return to the past situation of “getting what one wants”. In this connection, the industrial and commercial policies shifted to the systematic transformation of the private industry and commerce. The interaction between the government and the business community is a side that can not be ignored in the study of economic history.