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目的:探讨微小RNA（miR）-216a及其靶基因SerpinB5在组织水平的表达差异，及miR-216a通过调控SerpinB5表达对不同肝癌细胞增殖的影响。方法:通过生物信息学预测并选定调控SerpinB5的miR-216a，实时聚合酶链反应验证两者在肝癌与正常组织中的表达情况；利用脂质体分别转染miR-216a模拟物和抑制剂、si-SerpinB5和pcDNA3.1-SerpinB5至HepG2和MHCC97H（简称97H）细胞中，实时聚合酶链反应和Wester-Blot检测转染前后的miR-216a和SerpinB5的表达情况，CCK8检测两者对肝癌细胞增殖的影响。结果:miR-216a在人肝癌组织的表达高于癌旁组织，差异有统计学意义（n P<0.01）；SerpinB5在人肝癌组织的表达低于癌旁组织，差异有统计学意义（n P<0.01）。在HepG2与97H中，miR-216a抑制剂与过表达SerpinB5组miR-216a表达下调，与相应对照组相比差异有统计学意义（n P<0.01）。miR-216a抑制剂与pcDNA3.1-SerpinB5组细胞增殖均低于相应对照组，差异均有统计学意义（n P<0.01）。n 结论:SerpinB5高表达能抑制肝癌细胞的增殖提示其可能具有抑癌基因作用；miR-216a可能通过负调控SerpinB5表达影响肝癌细胞增殖。“,”Objective:To investigate the differences in the expression of microRNA (miR)-216a and its target gene SerpinB5 at the tissue level, and the effects of miR-216a on the proliferation of different liver cancer cells by regulating the expression of SerpinB5.Methods:Through bioinformatics prediction and selection of miR-216a that regulated SerpinB5. the expressions in liver cancer and normal tissues were detected by real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The miR-216a simulacrum and inhibitor, si-Serpinb5 and pcdna3.1-Serpinb5 to HepG2 and MHCC97H (97H) were transfected with liposomes, respectively. Real time PCR and Wester-Blot were used to detect the expression of miR-216a and SerpinB5 before and after transfection, and CCK8 was used to detect the influence of both on the proliferation of liver cancer cells.Results:The expression of miR-216a in human liver cancer tissues was higher than that in adjacent tissues, and the difference was statistically significant (n P < 0.01). The expression of SerpinB5 in human liver cancer tissues was lower than that adjacent tissues, and the difference was statistically significant ( n P < 0.01). In HepG2 and 97H, miR-216a inhibitor and SerpinB5 overexpression group showed down-regulated miR-216a expression, which was statistically different from the control group ( n P < 0.01). The proliferation of miR-216a inhibitor and pcdna3.1-serpinb5 group was lower than the control group, with statistically significant differences ( n P < 0.01).n Conclusions:The high expression of SerpinB5 can inhibit the proliferation of liver cancer cells, suggesting that SerpinB5 may have an anti-oncogene effect. MiR-216a may negatively regulate the expression of SerpinB5 and affect the proliferation of HCC cells.