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为探讨前列腺癌的危险因素，１９９１年在中国１２个城市实施了以医院为基础的病例对照研究。以１３８例经组织学确认的前列腺癌现患病例为病例，６３６例为对照（其中１５６例医院癌对照，１５８例医院非癌对照和３２２例邻居对照），病例与对照以年龄相差不超过５岁和本地居住超过１０年为匹配条件。研究结果显示：首次遗精年龄具有超额危险，ＯＲ１＝１．９３．ＯＲ２＝１．９３，ＯＲ３＝４．２，Ｐ＜０．０５。首次遗精年龄越早，危险性越大，呈明显剂量反应关系。手淫习惯，病例与三种类型对照比较有明显超额危险，ＯＲ１＝１．８．ＯＲ２＝１．９，ＯＲ３＝２．３．Ｐ＜０．０５。婚烟状态，再婚者危险性最高，离异及鳏夫其次，连续婚烟最低。生育孩子数越多越危险，呈现剂量反应关系。前列腺炎及前列腺增生病例与三种类型对照比较，有明确的统计学关联。前列腺炎ＯＲ１＝４．０，ＯＲ２＝６．６，ＯＲ３＝４．９，Ｐ值均＜０．０５。前列腺增生ＯＲ１＝６．１，ＯＲ２＝６．６．ＯＲ３＝４．３．Ｐ＜０．０５。
To investigate the risk factors for prostate cancer, a hospital-based case-control study was conducted in 12 Chinese cities in 1991. 138 cases of histologically confirmed prostate cancer were present and 636 were controls (156 hospital cancer controls, 158 hospital non-cancerous controls, and 322 neighboring controls). Cases and controls differed in age by no more than one. 5 years old and local residence for more than 10 years as a match. The results of the study showed that the age of the first spermatorrhea was excessively dangerous, OR1=1.93. OR2=1.93, OR3=4.2, P<0.05. The earlier the age of the first spermatorrhea, the greater the risk, showing a significant dose-response relationship. Masturbation habits, cases and the three types of control were significantly more dangerous, OR1 = 1.8. OR2=1.9, OR3=2.3. P<0.05. In the state of marriage, the risk of remarriage was the highest, followed by divorce and cowardness, followed by the lowest rate of continuous marriage. The more children there are, the more dangerous they are and the dose-response relationship. There were clear statistical associations between cases of prostatitis and benign prostatic hyperplasia compared with the three types of controls. Prostatitis OR1=4.0, OR2=6.6, OR3=4.9, P<0.05. Prostatic hyperplasia OR1=6.1, OR2=6.6. OR3=4.3. P<0.05.