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【目的】评价苹果砧木杂种后代的生根能力、耐盐碱性和对苹果腐烂病的抗病性。【方法】以八棱海棠בM9’杂种后代为试材,在对2 a生实生苗田间黄化指数调查的同时,对杂种后代无性系绿枝扦插苗的生根移栽率、100 mmol·L-1Na Cl处理30 d后的盐害指数、p H 9.0的Na2CO3处理30 d后的碱害指数及落叶后1 a生枝离体接种苹果腐烂病菌后的抗病性进行了观测。【结果】生根移栽率100%的株系占49.63%。田间黄化指数、盐害指数及碱害指数均表现明显变异,变异系数分别为69.17%、98.29%和74.95%。腐烂病感染度变异系数为27.26%。黄化指数观测中,供试的2 007株实生苗分离为高耐黄化、耐黄化、中等耐黄化、低耐黄化和不耐黄化5个等级,分别占群体的10.16%、17.44%、34.78%、21.62%和15.99%;耐盐性观测中,供试的762个株系分离为22.05%高耐盐、41.86%耐盐、25.85%中等耐盐、8.27%低耐盐和1.97%不耐盐;耐碱性观测中,供试的1 016个株系分离为37.60%高耐碱、29.72%耐碱、19.69%中等耐碱、9.74%低耐碱和3.25%不耐碱;黄化指数与盐害指数的相关系数r=-0.001,黄化指数与碱害指数的相关系数r=0.056,盐害指数与碱害指数的相关系数r=0.055。抗腐烂病观测中,供试的1 108株实生苗分离为8.66%抗腐烂病、51.53%中抗腐烂病、26.90%中感腐烂病和12.91%感腐烂病。【结论】杂种实生苗绿枝扦插生根移栽率在100%的株系占49.63%,后代生根能力强。杂种后代在耐盐性、耐碱性和耐田间黄化能力之间的相关性,均未达显著水平。综合上述观测的5个性状的表型,筛选出抗病抗逆初选优系5个。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to evaluate the rooting ability, salt-tolerance and disease resistance of apple rootstock hybrid progeny. 【Method】 The progenies of Malus xingshuan × ’M9’ hybrids were used as materials to investigate the yellowing index of two-year-old seedling field and the rooting transplanting rate of 100% The salt damage index after 30 days of L-1Na Cl treatment, alkali damage index after 30 days of Na2CO3 treatment at p H 9.0 and disease resistance of in vitro inoculated apple rot pathogen after 1 d after deciduous leaf were observed. 【Result】 The percentage of rooted and transplanted plants was 100%, accounting for 49.63%. The field yellowing index, salt damage index and alkali damage index all showed obvious variation with the coefficient of variation of 69.17%, 98.29% and 74.95% respectively. The coefficient of variation of rot infection was 27.26%. In the yellowing index observation, the 2 007 seedlings tested were divided into 5 grades, which were high resistance to yellowing, yellowing resistance, medium yellowing tolerance, low yellowing resistance and yellowing tolerance, accounting for 10.16% 17.44%, 34.78%, 21.62% and 15.99%, respectively. In salt tolerance observation, 762 lines tested were separated into 22.05% salt tolerance, 41.86% salt tolerance, 25.85% salt tolerance, 8.27% 1.97% of salt-tolerant salt; alkaline resistance test, the test of 1 016 lines isolated 37.60% of high alkali, 29.72% alkali, 19.69% of moderate alkali, 9.74% of low alkali and 3.25% of alkali ; The correlation coefficient between yellowing index and salt damage index was r = -0.001; the correlation coefficient between yellowing index and alkali damage index was 0.056; the correlation coefficient between salt damage index and alkali damage index was 0.055. In the observation of anti-rot disease, the 1 108 isolates tested were 8.66% anti-rot disease, 51.53% anti-rot disease, 26.90% middle-rate rot disease and 12.91% sense rot disease. 【Conclusion】 Hybrid seedlings planted with green shoots accounted for 49.63% of the total rooting transplanting rate of 100%, and their offspring had strong ability of rooting. The correlation between hybrid offspring in salt tolerance, alkali tolerance and resistance to field yellowing did not reach significant level. Based on the phenotypes of the five traits observed above, five disease-resistant and anti-infective primary selection lines were screened out.