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目的探讨改水对林州市食管癌发病率和死亡率的影响。方法于1996-1998年调查了林州市10个乡344个村食管癌发病率和死亡率。将调查村按照改水类型分为标准改水村犤深机井(井深≥100m)集中供水,改水≥6a犦、非标准改水村犤深机井(井深<100m)集中供水,改水<6a;或不包括山泉水的非机井水犦、未改水村(只饮用山泉水),并在调查村采集水样以蚕豆根尖细胞微核实验检测其致突变性。结果标准改水人群食管癌发病率(73.07/10万)和死亡率(58.86/10万)显著低于非标准改水人群(123.21/10万,110.57/10万)和未改水人群(150.93/10万,115.59/10万);各乡标准改水村人口百分比与各乡食管癌发病率(r=-0.9273,P<0.01)和死亡率(r=-0.9758,P<0.01)呈负相关;随着改水时间的延长,标准改水村人群食管癌发病率和死亡率呈现下降趋势。标准改水村饮用水所致蚕豆根尖细胞的微核数显著低于未改水村(t=5.2098,P<0.01)和非标准改水村(t=2.6324,P<0.01)。结论改水后林州市食管癌发病率和死亡率呈现下降趋势。
Objective To investigate the effect of water diversion on morbidity and mortality of esophageal cancer in Linzhou City. Methods From 1996 to 1998, the morbidity and mortality of esophageal cancer in 344 villages in 10 townships of Linzhou City were investigated. According to the types of water diversion, the survey villages are divided into standard water diversion wells of Shuicun Village (depth of well ≥ 100m), centralized water supply, water diversion ≥6a 犦, non-standard diversion of water to Shuicun Deep Well (depth of well <100m) Excluding mountain spring water non-machine Shuizhu, did not change the water village (only drinking mountain spring water), and the water collected in the survey village to Vicia faba root tip cell micronucleus test to detect its mutagenicity. Results The prevalence of esophageal cancer (73.07 / 100000) and death rate (58.86 / 100000) were significantly lower in standard population than in non-standard population (123.21 / 100000, 110.57 / 100000) and non-standard population (150.93 / 100000, 115.59 / 100000). The percentage of population in standard rural villages changed to negative correlation with the incidence of esophageal cancer (r = -0.9273, P <0.01) and mortality (r = -0.9758, P <0.01) ; With the extension of irrigation time, the incidence of esophageal cancer in standard water-changing village population showed a downward trend. The micronuclei of the Vicia faba root tip cells induced by standard drinking water were significantly lower than those of the unmodified water village (t = 5.2098, P <0.01) and non-standard water change villages (t = 2.6324, P <0.01). Conclusions The incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer in Linzhou City show a decreasing trend after water diversion.