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目的调查广东省麻风院(村)休养员社会支持、自我护理能力和生活质量的现状,并分析前二者与生活质量的相关性。方法随机抽取广东省内8家麻风院(村),应用社会支持评定量表、自我护理能力测定量表和SF-36量表对抽中院(村)内所有休养员进行调查,并采用典型相关分析对变量之间的相关性进行分析。结果本研究共有346名休养员完成调查,平均年龄为(70.9±12.2)岁,以60~80岁年龄组居多,占63.87%(221/346);男性占76.60%(265/346);婚姻状况以未婚为主,占60.69%(210/346),丧失劳动能力者占68.20%(236/346),生活部分自理或不能自理者占59.70%(203/346)。调查对象社会支持得分为(30.45±8.44)分;自我护理能力得分为(98.95±28.17)分,得分处于低、中、高水平者分别占1.45%、72.25%、26.30%;生活质量得分为(52.35±27.16)分,低于常模(P<0.01)。生活质量和社会支持(第一典型相关系数r_1=0.584,P<0.05)、自我护理能力(第一典型相关系数r_4=0.703,P<0.05)存在正相关关系。结论麻风院(村)休养员生活质量较差,各级政府及麻风病防治机构应采取措施提高休养员的社会支持度和自我护理能力,进而提高该群体的生活质量。
Objective To investigate the status quo of social support, self-care ability and quality of life of the leprosy nurses in Guangdong Province and to analyze the correlation between the former two and quality of life. Methods Eight leprosaria (villages) in Guangdong province were randomly selected. All the rest members in the hospital (village) were investigated by using social support rating scale, self-care ability measuring scale and SF-36 scale, Correlation Analysis Analyzes the correlation between variables. Results A total of 346 regulators completed the survey, with an average age of (70.9 ± 12.2) years old, mostly in the age group of 60 to 80 years, accounting for 63.87% (221/346) and men (76.60%, 265/346) The majority were unmarried, accounting for 60.69% (210/346), 68.20% (236/346) in incapacity, and 59.70% (203/346) in those living on their own or partially self-employed. The score of social support was (30.45 ± 8.44) points, self-care ability score was (98.95 ± 28.17) points, and the scores were low, medium and high respectively accounted for 1.45%, 72.25% and 26.30% respectively. The quality of life score was 52.35 ± 27.16) points, lower than the norm (P <0.01). There was a positive correlation between quality of life and social support (first typical correlation coefficient r 1 = 0.584, P <0.05) and self-care ability (first typical correlation coefficient r 4 = 0.703, P <0.05). Conclusion The living quality of the leprosy in the leprosy (village) village is poor, and the governments at all levels and the leprosy control institutions should take measures to improve their social support and self-care ability so as to improve the quality of life of the group.