赫尔曼·麦尔维尔一生的小说创作,大致可以分为前期的长篇阶段和后期的短篇阶段。《文书巴托尔比》是麦尔维尔的第一篇短篇小说,关于这篇作品与他前期创作之间存在的联系,以及这篇作品本身的叙述特点是研究麦尔维尔创作的关键点。借助巴赫金的对话理论,对《文书巴托尔比》叙述中的反讽做一个细致的分析,可以说明麦尔维尔悲剧性的世界观在长篇创作之后的发展,以及在写作中曲折的表现形式。 Herman Melville’s novel writing throughout his life can be broadly divided into the long period of the early period and the short period of the later period. Cleric Bartolby is Melville’s first short story. The connection between this work and his previous work and the narrative features of this work are the key points in the study of Melville’s writing. A detailed analysis of the irony in the narration of Bartholbi by Bakhtin’s Dialogue Theory shows the development of Melville’s tragic world outlook after the creation of a long novel and the twists and turns in writing.