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目的分析某县石英砂加工企业接尘职工健康状况,为相关政策的制定提供科学依据。方法对石英砂加工企业586名矽尘作业工人进行职业健康检查。结果 586名矽尘作业工人中各项功能指标异常156例,总检出率26.62%。检出疑似尘肺7例,粉尘作业职业禁忌证2例(胸膜增厚)。高千伏X线胸片异常检出率7.34%。肺功能异常检出率2.05%。心电图异常检出率4.78%。男性工人职业健康检查指标总体异常检出率高于女性工人(χ2=4.21,P<0.05)。X线胸片异常、肺通气功能异常、心电图异常和高血压异常检出率、总体异常检出率均随着工人年龄、工龄增长而增加(趋势χ2年龄=5.81、9.96、31.98、12.03、37.43,P<0.05;趋势χ2工龄=23.48、19.99、11.41、20.60、107.8,P<0.05)。结论政府职能机构需加强对石英砂加工企业的职业病防治工作的监督和管理力度,尤其是要加强石英砂从业人员健康监护和作业场所监督检查工作。
Objective To analyze the health status of dust-collecting workers in a quartz sand processing enterprise in a county and provide a scientific basis for the formulation of relevant policies. Methods 586 silica dust workers in quartz sand processing enterprises were given occupational health examination. Results 156 cases of silicosis workers in all functional abnormalities 156 cases, the total detection rate of 26.62%. Seven cases of suspected pneumoconiosis were detected, and two cases of occupational contraindication to dust operation (pleural thickening). High kV X-ray abnormality detection rate of 7.34%. Pulmonary dysfunction detection rate of 2.05%. Electrocardiogram anomaly detection rate of 4.78%. The overall detection rate of occupational health check-ups for male workers was higher than that of female workers (χ2 = 4.21, P <0.05). X-ray abnormalities, pulmonary ventilation dysfunction, abnormal ECG and abnormal detection rate of hypertension, the overall abnormality detection rate increased with the workers’ age and working age (trend χ2-age = 5.81,9.96,31.98,12.03,37.43 , P <0.05; trend χ2-age = 23.48,19.99,11.41,20.60,107.8, P <0.05). Conclusion The government agencies need to strengthen the supervision and management of occupational disease prevention and control work in the quartz sand processing enterprises. In particular, it is necessary to strengthen the health supervision of quartz sand practitioners and the supervision and inspection of workplaces.