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目的分析农村地区儿童手足口病发病流行的影响因素,为制定针对性的防控措施提供科学依据。方法用病例对照研究方法,在邯郸市选取两个手足口病高发县进行调查,采用分层抽样的方法确定病例300例,按1:2配对原则选取600例未患过手足口病的儿童为对照组,利用自制问卷收集资料。采用Epi Data3.1建立数据库,用SPSS17.0统计软件进行单因素和多因素条件logistic回归分析。结果随意倾倒生活垃圾(OR=2.145)、儿童有病例接触史(OR=12.546)、儿童断奶月龄小(OR=4.189)、家庭饮用水地下井水(OR=1.955)、家庭年均净收入低(OR1=2.789,OR2=1.779)和经常带儿童赶集(OR=4.758)为手足口病的主要危险因素,主要的保护因素有大小便能自理(OR=0.577)、儿童玩耍后洗手(OR=0.491)、看护人外出回家后洗手(OR=0.482)。结论改善农村地区环境及饮水条件,养成良好的个人卫生习惯;提倡母乳喂养,适当延长母乳喂养时间;避免儿童接触手足口病患者能够降低患手足口病的风险。
Objective To analyze the influencing factors of the prevalence of hand-foot-mouth disease in children in rural areas and provide a scientific basis for making targeted prevention and control measures. Methods A case-control study was conducted to select two HFMD HFMD counties in Handan City for investigation. Stratified sampling was used to identify 300 cases. According to the 1: 2 matching principle, 600 children without HFMD were selected as Control group, using self-made questionnaires to collect data. Using Epi Data3.1 to establish a database, using SPSS17.0 statistical software for single-factor and multi-factor conditional logistic regression analysis. The results showed that household rubbish was dumped at random (OR = 2.145), children had a history of cases (OR = 12.546), children were younger on weaning (OR = 4.189), drinking well water (OR = 1.955) (OR = 2.789, OR2 = 1.779) and children with frequent catch-up (OR = 4.758) were the major risk factors for hand-foot-mouth disease. The main protective factors were spontaneity (OR = 0.577) = 0.491). Caregivers wash their hands after returning home (OR = 0.482). Conclusion Improve the environment and drinking water conditions in rural areas, to develop good personal hygiene habits; to promote breastfeeding, breast-feeding appropriate to extend the time; to avoid children with hand-foot-mouth disease can reduce the risk of hand-foot-mouth disease.