我国境内江河、湖泊、水库众多,水生生物资源丰富,种类繁多,是世界上水生生物种质资源和生物多样性最为丰富的国家之一。但是,目前我国水生生物多样性受到极为严重的威胁,面临的主要问题包括:水环境和水生态系统遭到破坏,物种受威胁和灭绝严重,遗传种质资源受威胁、缩小或消失 China has a large number of rivers, lakes and reservoirs, rich aquatic resources and a great variety of aquatic organisms. It is one of the countries with the richest aquatic germplasm resources and biodiversity in the world. However, at present, China’s aquatic biodiversity is extremely threatened. The main problems encountered include: the destruction of water environment and aquatic ecosystems, the threats and extinctions of species, the threatening, narrowing or disappearing of genetic germplasm resources