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众所周知,自然地理条件和社会经济条件的不同使矿产开采地区产生级差地租。根据俄罗斯法律,地下资源为国家所有,也就是说,矿产地租也应归国家所有。然而,事实并非如此。俄罗斯的矿产地租有其自身的特点。目前,俄罗斯在自然资源利用上有一个主要的问题尚未解决,即那种既能保障法人及个人企业家有效利用自然资源,又能从总体上保障国家利益的自然资源所有制并未建立起来。因而有关自然地租的问题,如地租形成、形成的条件、计算方法、分配原则和机制等仍将是俄罗斯面临的一个复杂问题。
As we all know, the different natural and geographical conditions and socio-economic conditions make the mining area produce differential rent. Under Russian law, underground resources are owned by the state, that is, mineral land rent should also be owned by the state. However, it is not. Russia’s mineral land rent has its own characteristics. At present, Russia has yet to solve the major problem of the utilization of natural resources. That is, the natural resource ownership system that can both guarantee the effective use of natural resources by legal persons and individual entrepreneurs and safeguard the interests of the country as a whole has not been established. Therefore, the issues concerning natural rent, such as the formation of rent, the conditions for formation, the methods of calculation, the principle of distribution and the mechanism will still be a complex issue facing Russia.