论文部分内容阅读
英语句子正常的语序是“主语+谓语”。如果谓语或谓语的一部分位于主语之前，这种句式就称为倒装。 倒装句有两种：完全倒装和部分倒装。下面结合近三年高考英语试题谈一下倒装结构的考点。
一、 考查完全倒装
所谓完全倒装即是整个谓语部分放在主语前面。关键是需要具有识别出完全倒装的能力。此部分考点主要是谓语动词的单复数形式应与真正的主语保持一致。考例：
1. At the foot of the mountain________ .（2006四川卷）
A. a village lie B. lies a village
C. does a village D. lying a village
2. In the dark forests________ , some large enough to hold several English towns. (2005辽宁卷)
A. stand many lakes
B. lie many lakes
C. many lakes lie
D. many lakes stand
解析： 答案为1. B。2. B。这两道题都考查了表示地点的短语放在句首，需要完全倒装。 根据主语分别是a village 和many lakes 来选择谓语动词的单复数形式。
扩展： 其它用完全倒装的情况：
1） there be 句型。
2） 句首有here, there, out, in, on, up, down, away, back, now, then等副词，且主语是名词而且谓语是不及物动词时用倒装；如果主语是人称代词时则不用倒装。例如：
Here comes the bus!
Here he comes!
二、 考查部分倒装
所谓部分倒装就是谓语中的一部分（通常是助动词，情态动词或系动词）放在主语前面，其余部分放在主语之后。命题时主要和动词时态联系在一起考查。
考点1： 否定词或带有否定意义的短语放于句首时引起部分倒装。考例：
1. I’ve tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means________with my progress. （2006重庆卷）
A. the teacher is not satisfied
B. is the teacher not satisfied
C. the teacher is satisfied
D. is the teacher satisfied
解析： 答案为D。否定意义的短语by no means放在句首，句子应部分倒装。B项也是倒装，但又加了一个not，成为肯定的意思，与题意不符。
2. Never in my wildest dreams________these people who are living in such poor conditions. （2006 安徽卷）
A. I could imagine
B. could I imagine
C. I couldn’t imagine
D. couldn’t I imagine
解析： 答案为B。never放在句首时，句子需部分倒装；D选项为否定结构，意思不对。
3. —Did Linda see the traffic accident?
—No, no sooner________than it happened.（2006 天津卷）
A. had she gone B. she had gone
C. has she gone D. she has gone
解析： 答案为A。在hardly (scarcely)... when; no sooner ... than结构中，当hardly, scarcely, no sooner位于句首时，需要部分倒装，且hardly, scarcely, no sooner后的句子的时态用过去完成时。
4. Never before________in greater need of modern public transport than it is today. （2005上海卷）
A. has this city been
B. this city has been
C. was this city
D. this city was
解析： 答案为A。never放在句首时，需部分倒装， never before与完成时连用。
5.________snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest. (2004上海卷)
A. Not only they brought
B. Not only did they bring
C. Not only brought they
D. Not only they did bring
解析： 答案为B。not only ... but also结构中，若not only 放于句首时，句子需部分倒装，but also引导的句子不倒装。
6. Maybe you have been to many countries， but nowhere else________such a beautiful palace. （2004辽宁卷）
A. can you find B. you could find
C. you can find D. could you find
解析： 答案为A。否定副词nowhere放于句首，且是对现在的情况的叙述，此时句子应倒装。
7. Of the making of good books there is no end; neither________any end to their influence on man’s lives. (2004广东卷)
A. there is B. there are
C. is there D. are there
解析： 答案为C。句意：好书的创作不会结束，他们对人类生活的影响也不会结束。题干可改写为： There is no end of the making of good books and there is no end to their influence on man’s lives either. neither是表示否定意义的副词，放于句首时，句子需部份倒装。
总结： 常用于倒装结构表示否定意义的单词或短语有： not, never, little, seldom, rarely, nowhere, not until, by no means, in no case, in no time, not a bit, no longer, on no condition， not only， hardly ... when, no sooner ... than 等。
考点2： 句首状语若由“only +副词，only +介词短语，only +状语从句”构成，通常引起部分倒装。
1.________by keeping down costs will Power Data hold its advantage over other companies. （2006 浙江卷）
A. Only B. Just C. Still D. Yet
解析： 答案为A。由题干中的will power Data hold its advantage over other companies可知必须选择一个能引导倒装结构的单词。
2. Only then ________ how much damage had been caused. （2006 陕西卷）
A. had she realized B. she realized
C. did she realize D. she had realized
解析： 答案为C。句意：只到那时她才意识到已经导致了多么严重的损害呀！从句意可知，宾语从句的动作发生在主句动作之前，故主句谓语动词应用一般过去时。
3. Only after my friend came________ .
(2005福建卷)
A. did the computer repair
B. he repaired the computer
C. was the computer repaired
D. the computer was repaired
解析： 答案为C。only放于句首修饰时间状语时，又因computer与repair 之间是被动关系，故句子应用被动语态的倒装结构形式。
考点3： 省略if的虚拟条件句应运用倒装结构。考例：
fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.
（2006 湖北卷）
A. Would you be B. Should you be
C. Could you be D. Might you be
解析： 答案为B。在虚拟条件句中，有were, had, should时，可以省略if，并须把were, had, should 放在主语前。
考点4： 以so开头的 so ... that“如此……以至于”句型中，应运用倒装结构。
基本结构是： so + adj. / adv. + 助动词+主语+谓语+ that 从句。考例：
1.________homework did we have to do that we had no time to take a rest. （2006福建卷）
A. So much B. Too much
C. Too little D. So little
解析： 答案为A。句意：我们有如此多的作业要做以至于没时间休息。D选项与题意不符。
2. So difficult________it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice. （2006广东卷）
A. I did find B. did I find
C. I have found D. have I found
解析： 答案为B。从I decided to ask Tom for advice.可知应用一般过去时。
3.________about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research. (2005江苏卷)
A. So curious the couple was
B. So curious were the couple
C. How curious the couple were
D. The couple was such curious
解析： 答案为B。关键是识别出so ... that结构。D选项可改为The couple were so curious.就对。
考点5： so / neither / nor位于句首的倒装结构。考例：
1. —It’s burning hot today, isn’t it?
—Yes,________yesterday. （2006福建卷）
A. So was it B. So it was
C. So it is D. So is it
解析： 答案为A。“so +助动词+主语”译为：“……也是这样”，用于肯定句中。区别：“so +主语+助动词” 表示主语确实是这样，往往用于对前边提到情况的进一步肯定。
2. Mary never does any reading in the evening,________ . (2005全国卷Ⅲ)
A. so does John B. John does too
C. John doesn’t too D. nor does John
解析： 答案为D。“nor +助动词+主语”译为“……也不”，用于否定句中。C选项可改为：John doesn’t, either.
3. —I would never come to the restaurant again. The food is terrible!
—________. (2004广西卷)
A. Nor am I B. Neither would I
C. Same with me D. So do I
解析： 答案为B。A选项中的助动词与题干不符。
考点6： as 意为“尽管”引导让步状语从句的倒装结构。考例：
1.________ , he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class. (2005重庆卷)
A. A quiet student as he may be
B. Quiet student as he may be
C. Be a quiet student as he may
D. Quiet as he may be a student
解析： 答案为B。as意为“尽管” 时引导让步状语从句，把名词放在as之前，结构是：“名词 + as+ 主语 + 系动词”；在倒装时名词前没有冠词。
2.________ , Carolina couldn’t get the door open. （2005广东卷）
A. Try as she might B. As she might try
C. She might as try D. Might she as try
解析： 答案为A。as意为“尽管” 时引导让步状语从句，把动词放在as之前，结构是： 动词原形+ as +主语+谓语的另外一部分。
总结： as 引导让步状语从句的几种句型：
1） 形容词 + as+ 主语 + 系动词
Young as he is, he knows a lot about history.
2） 过去分词+ as + 主语 + 系动词
Well-written as the book is, its author is not satisfied.
3） 名词 + as+ 主语 + 系动词
Girl as he is, she is brave enough to face any difficulty.
4） 副词 + as+主语+谓语
Much as he likes English, he isn’t good at it.
5） 动词原形+ as +主语+谓语的另外一部分（通常是情态动词或助动词）
Try as we might, we could not bring him around to accept our view.
一、 考查完全倒装
所谓完全倒装即是整个谓语部分放在主语前面。关键是需要具有识别出完全倒装的能力。此部分考点主要是谓语动词的单复数形式应与真正的主语保持一致。考例：
1. At the foot of the mountain________ .（2006四川卷）
A. a village lie B. lies a village
C. does a village D. lying a village
2. In the dark forests________ , some large enough to hold several English towns. (2005辽宁卷)
A. stand many lakes
B. lie many lakes
C. many lakes lie
D. many lakes stand
解析： 答案为1. B。2. B。这两道题都考查了表示地点的短语放在句首，需要完全倒装。 根据主语分别是a village 和many lakes 来选择谓语动词的单复数形式。
扩展： 其它用完全倒装的情况：
1） there be 句型。
2） 句首有here, there, out, in, on, up, down, away, back, now, then等副词，且主语是名词而且谓语是不及物动词时用倒装；如果主语是人称代词时则不用倒装。例如：
Here comes the bus!
Here he comes!
二、 考查部分倒装
所谓部分倒装就是谓语中的一部分（通常是助动词，情态动词或系动词）放在主语前面，其余部分放在主语之后。命题时主要和动词时态联系在一起考查。
考点1： 否定词或带有否定意义的短语放于句首时引起部分倒装。考例：
1. I’ve tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means________with my progress. （2006重庆卷）
A. the teacher is not satisfied
B. is the teacher not satisfied
C. the teacher is satisfied
D. is the teacher satisfied
解析： 答案为D。否定意义的短语by no means放在句首，句子应部分倒装。B项也是倒装，但又加了一个not，成为肯定的意思，与题意不符。
2. Never in my wildest dreams________these people who are living in such poor conditions. （2006 安徽卷）
A. I could imagine
B. could I imagine
C. I couldn’t imagine
D. couldn’t I imagine
解析： 答案为B。never放在句首时，句子需部分倒装；D选项为否定结构，意思不对。
3. —Did Linda see the traffic accident?
—No, no sooner________than it happened.（2006 天津卷）
A. had she gone B. she had gone
C. has she gone D. she has gone
解析： 答案为A。在hardly (scarcely)... when; no sooner ... than结构中，当hardly, scarcely, no sooner位于句首时，需要部分倒装，且hardly, scarcely, no sooner后的句子的时态用过去完成时。
4. Never before________in greater need of modern public transport than it is today. （2005上海卷）
A. has this city been
B. this city has been
C. was this city
D. this city was
解析： 答案为A。never放在句首时，需部分倒装， never before与完成时连用。
5.________snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest. (2004上海卷)
A. Not only they brought
B. Not only did they bring
C. Not only brought they
D. Not only they did bring
解析： 答案为B。not only ... but also结构中，若not only 放于句首时，句子需部分倒装，but also引导的句子不倒装。
6. Maybe you have been to many countries， but nowhere else________such a beautiful palace. （2004辽宁卷）
A. can you find B. you could find
C. you can find D. could you find
解析： 答案为A。否定副词nowhere放于句首，且是对现在的情况的叙述，此时句子应倒装。
7. Of the making of good books there is no end; neither________any end to their influence on man’s lives. (2004广东卷)
A. there is B. there are
C. is there D. are there
解析： 答案为C。句意：好书的创作不会结束，他们对人类生活的影响也不会结束。题干可改写为： There is no end of the making of good books and there is no end to their influence on man’s lives either. neither是表示否定意义的副词，放于句首时，句子需部份倒装。
总结： 常用于倒装结构表示否定意义的单词或短语有： not, never, little, seldom, rarely, nowhere, not until, by no means, in no case, in no time, not a bit, no longer, on no condition， not only， hardly ... when, no sooner ... than 等。
考点2： 句首状语若由“only +副词，only +介词短语，only +状语从句”构成，通常引起部分倒装。
1.________by keeping down costs will Power Data hold its advantage over other companies. （2006 浙江卷）
A. Only B. Just C. Still D. Yet
解析： 答案为A。由题干中的will power Data hold its advantage over other companies可知必须选择一个能引导倒装结构的单词。
2. Only then ________ how much damage had been caused. （2006 陕西卷）
A. had she realized B. she realized
C. did she realize D. she had realized
解析： 答案为C。句意：只到那时她才意识到已经导致了多么严重的损害呀！从句意可知，宾语从句的动作发生在主句动作之前，故主句谓语动词应用一般过去时。
3. Only after my friend came________ .
(2005福建卷)
A. did the computer repair
B. he repaired the computer
C. was the computer repaired
D. the computer was repaired
解析： 答案为C。only放于句首修饰时间状语时，又因computer与repair 之间是被动关系，故句子应用被动语态的倒装结构形式。
考点3： 省略if的虚拟条件句应运用倒装结构。考例：
fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.
（2006 湖北卷）
A. Would you be B. Should you be
C. Could you be D. Might you be
解析： 答案为B。在虚拟条件句中，有were, had, should时，可以省略if，并须把were, had, should 放在主语前。
考点4： 以so开头的 so ... that“如此……以至于”句型中，应运用倒装结构。
基本结构是： so + adj. / adv. + 助动词+主语+谓语+ that 从句。考例：
1.________homework did we have to do that we had no time to take a rest. （2006福建卷）
A. So much B. Too much
C. Too little D. So little
解析： 答案为A。句意：我们有如此多的作业要做以至于没时间休息。D选项与题意不符。
2. So difficult________it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice. （2006广东卷）
A. I did find B. did I find
C. I have found D. have I found
解析： 答案为B。从I decided to ask Tom for advice.可知应用一般过去时。
3.________about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research. (2005江苏卷)
A. So curious the couple was
B. So curious were the couple
C. How curious the couple were
D. The couple was such curious
解析： 答案为B。关键是识别出so ... that结构。D选项可改为The couple were so curious.就对。
考点5： so / neither / nor位于句首的倒装结构。考例：
1. —It’s burning hot today, isn’t it?
—Yes,________yesterday. （2006福建卷）
A. So was it B. So it was
C. So it is D. So is it
解析： 答案为A。“so +助动词+主语”译为：“……也是这样”，用于肯定句中。区别：“so +主语+助动词” 表示主语确实是这样，往往用于对前边提到情况的进一步肯定。
2. Mary never does any reading in the evening,________ . (2005全国卷Ⅲ)
A. so does John B. John does too
C. John doesn’t too D. nor does John
解析： 答案为D。“nor +助动词+主语”译为“……也不”，用于否定句中。C选项可改为：John doesn’t, either.
3. —I would never come to the restaurant again. The food is terrible!
—________. (2004广西卷)
A. Nor am I B. Neither would I
C. Same with me D. So do I
解析： 答案为B。A选项中的助动词与题干不符。
考点6： as 意为“尽管”引导让步状语从句的倒装结构。考例：
1.________ , he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class. (2005重庆卷)
A. A quiet student as he may be
B. Quiet student as he may be
C. Be a quiet student as he may
D. Quiet as he may be a student
解析： 答案为B。as意为“尽管” 时引导让步状语从句，把名词放在as之前，结构是：“名词 + as+ 主语 + 系动词”；在倒装时名词前没有冠词。
2.________ , Carolina couldn’t get the door open. （2005广东卷）
A. Try as she might B. As she might try
C. She might as try D. Might she as try
解析： 答案为A。as意为“尽管” 时引导让步状语从句，把动词放在as之前，结构是： 动词原形+ as +主语+谓语的另外一部分。
总结： as 引导让步状语从句的几种句型：
1） 形容词 + as+ 主语 + 系动词
Young as he is, he knows a lot about history.
2） 过去分词+ as + 主语 + 系动词
Well-written as the book is, its author is not satisfied.
3） 名词 + as+ 主语 + 系动词
Girl as he is, she is brave enough to face any difficulty.
4） 副词 + as+主语+谓语
Much as he likes English, he isn’t good at it.
5） 动词原形+ as +主语+谓语的另外一部分（通常是情态动词或助动词）
Try as we might, we could not bring him around to accept our view.