分子生物学的发展使生命科学许多领域的研究都发生了质的飞跃。基因克隆、测序、基因表达及改变基因表达等分子生物学研究方法的日臻成熟 ,为转基因技术的产生奠定了基础。1980年 Capecchi[1 ] 首次将外源基因导入培养的单个胚胎细胞 ,发现有 2 0 %的导入基因整合到宿主细胞基 The development of molecular biology has made a qualitative leap in many fields of life science research. Molecular biology research methods such as gene cloning, sequencing, gene expression and gene expression alteration become increasingly mature, which lays the foundation for genetically modified technology. In 1980, Capecchi [1] first introduced foreign genes into cultured embryonic cells and found that 20% of the introduced genes were integrated into the host cell matrix