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一、美国企业的技术开发活动模式与现况1.强化企业R&D(研究与开发)经费投入,增强其自身技术开发活力。美国多数企业已强烈意识到本国企业技术发展比日本慢,成果转化率低,颇有危机感。他们认为技术开发经费不足是当前困扰美国企业的一个突出问题。1990年美国各企业用于R&D活动的经费为697亿美元,虽比1989年增加了7%,但扣除通货膨胀和货币汇率方面的因素,实际却下降了1.6%,由于当前美国经济衰退造成企业利润下降,多数企业已无力拿出足够的经费用于新技术和新产品的研究和开发。尽管如此,在全球激烈竞争的现实面前,一些企业仍清楚地意识到:要想使企业走出维谷,在竞争中立于不败,必须通过增加自身技术开发经费的投入,以不断增强企业技术开发活力,提高产品竞争能力。目前,多数企业都从其销售额中提取10～15%的经费用于R&D活动。
I. Modes and Status of Technology Development Activities of U.S. Enterprises 1. Strengthen R&D (R&D) funding of enterprises and enhance their own technological development. Most companies in the United States have already been conscious of the slower technology development of their own companies than in Japan, and the low rate of conversion of results has given them a sense of crisis. They believe that the lack of funds for technological development is a prominent issue that currently plagues US companies. In 1990, US companies spent 69.7 billion U.S. dollars on R&D activities. Although they increased by 7% over 1989, the factors that deducted inflation and currency exchange rates actually fell by 1.6%. As a result of the current economic downturn in the United States, enterprises As profits have fallen, most companies have been unable to provide sufficient funds for the research and development of new technologies and new products. In spite of this, in the face of the fierce global competition, some companies are still clearly aware that if enterprises are to remain out of the limelight and remain unbeaten in the competition, they must continue to strengthen their technological development by increasing their investment in technology development. Vitality, improve product competitiveness. At present, most companies extract 10% to 15% of their sales for R&D activities.