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目的调查天津市武清区健康人群肠道病毒71型(EV71)和柯萨奇病毒A组16型(Cox A16)中和抗体阳性状况及其影响因素,为手足口病的预防与控制提供依据。方法采集230名天津市武清区健康人群静脉血标本进行EV71和Cox A16中和抗体测定,用问卷进行影响因素调查,采用χ2检验对两种中和抗体阳性影响因素进行分析。结果以抗体滴度1∶8作为临界值,调查对象EV71中和抗体阳性率为73.91%(170/230),Cox A16中和抗体阳性率为76.52%(176/230),差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.420,P=0.517)。EV71与Cox A16中和抗体阳性率最高的年龄组分别为0~岁组、15~岁组(均为76.09%)与0~岁组(84.78%),较低年龄组为5~岁组(71.74%)与15~岁组(69.57%)。不同年份间的EV71中和抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=29.971,P=0.001)。EV71与Cox A16中和抗体滴度均以1∶4~1∶256居多,分别占82.61%(190/230)和88.26%(203/230)。经分析发现,EV71与Cox A16中和抗体阳性的重要影响因素分别为年份、是否外出后洗手与是否为学龄前儿童。结论人群对EV71和Cox A16普遍易感,70.00%以上的健康人群感染后均可产生EV71或Cox A16的特异性中和抗体,隐匿感染者作为手足口病传染源的意义可能较大。
Objective To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of neutralizing antibodies against enterovirus 71 (EV71) and Cox A16 in healthy population in Wuqing District, Tianjin, and to provide evidence for the prevention and control of HFMD . Methods Venous blood samples from 230 healthy people in Wuqing District of Tianjin were collected for the determination of neutralizing antibodies against EV71 and Cox A16. The influencing factors were investigated by questionnaires. The positive factors of two neutralizing antibodies were analyzed by Chi-square test. Results The titer of antibody titer 1:8 was 73.91% (170/230). The positive rate of neutralizing antibody of Cox A16 was 76.52% (176/230), the difference was not statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 0.420, P = 0.517). The positive rates of EV71 and Cox A16 neutralizing antibody were 0 ~ group, 15 ~ group (76.09%) and 0 ~ group (84.78%) respectively, and the lower age group was 5 ~ group 71.74%) and 15 ~ group (69.57%). The positive rates of EV71 neutralizing antibodies in different years were statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 29.971, P = 0.001). The titers of neutralizing antibodies against EV71 and Cox A16 were mostly 1: 4 ~ 1: 256, accounting for 82.61% (190/230) and 88.26% (203/230), respectively. The analysis found that EV71 and Cox A16 neutralizing antibodies are important influencing factors of the year, respectively, after going out to wash their hands and whether preschool children. Conclusions The population is generally susceptible to EV71 and Cox A16. More than 70.00% of healthy people can produce EV71 or Cox A16 specific neutralizing antibodies. The significance of concealed infection as HFMD infection source may be large.