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学生是学习的主体,要想有针对性地进行教学设计,必须进行学情分析。应着重分析学习者的起始能力、已经形成的背景知识和技能及学习者是怎样进行思维的。一、学习者起始能力的诊断美国教育心理学家加涅将学习的结果分成了智慧技能、认知策略、言语信息、动作技能及态度五类。根据智慧技能学习的不同复杂程度,他又在该范畴中分出若干个亚类,即辨别、概念、规则和高级规则(解决问题)。辨别是概念学习的基础,概念是规则学习的基础,运用若干个简单的规则是解决问题获得高级规则的基础。
Students are the main body of study. In order to conduct targeted teaching design, it is necessary to carry out academic analysis. Should focus on analysis of learners’ ability to start, has formed the background knowledge and skills and learners how to think. First, the diagnosis of learner’s ability to start American educational psychologist Gagne will study the results into wisdom skills, cognitive strategies, verbal information, motor skills and attitude of five categories. According to the different levels of sophistication in the learning of Wisdom skills, he again divided several subcategories in this category: Discrimination, Concepts, Rules and Advanced Rules (Solving Problems). Discrimination is the basis of concept learning. The concept is the basis of rule learning. Using a few simple rules is the basis for solving the problem of obtaining advanced rules.