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颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的破裂和继发血栓形成是导致缺血性脑中风的最主要原因。颈动脉斑块局部的生物力学状况及形态、成分和生物学活性均与颈动脉斑块的破裂风险密切相关。综述和分析颈动脉狭窄斑块生物力学的研究方法、颈动脉狭窄易损斑块破裂风险及临床治疗决策、颈动脉易损斑块的动物模型及实验、颈动脉斑块成分和生物学活性等方面的研究进展和存在问题,并就有关颈动脉易损斑块的生物力学机制和破裂风险评价指标的研究前景进行展望,希望为确定合理的颈动脉狭窄治疗适应证提供必要的理论依据。
Carotid atherosclerotic plaque rupture and secondary thrombosis is the leading cause of ischemic stroke. The local biomechanical status, morphology, composition and biological activity of carotid plaques are closely related to the risk of carotid plaque rupture. The research methods of carotid artery stenosis plaque biomechanics, the risk of carotid stenosis vulnerable plaque rupture, clinical treatment decision, carotid artery vulnerable plaque animal model and experiment, carotid artery plaque composition and biological activity were summarized and analyzed The research progress and existing problems in this field are also prospected. The prospect of research on the biomechanical mechanism of carotid vulnerable plaque and the evaluation index of rupture risk are prospected. The hope is to provide the necessary theoretical basis for the identification of reasonable carotid stenosis indications.