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在气候寒冷期间,路面及路基土壤的温度自上而下地降低。在温度坡差的影响下,路基土壤中的水分自下而上地移动与积聚,于是路基上部湿度程度不同地超过了冰冻前的湿度。由于冻结区内进入额外的水分与水分冰冻时体积的增大超过了土壤原有空隙的体积,于是就破坏了土壤的原来结构,并将更上部的土壤以及路面抬挤向上,造成垂直变形。在自然条件下,这种变形一般是不均匀的。当超过一定的相对差值时,路面即遭受破坏,如隆起、裂缝等。此时土壤冻结得很坚硬,承载力很强,尚未形成翻浆,这是道路冻害的第一阶段——冻胀阶段。
During cold climates, the temperature of pavement and subgrade soil decreases from top to bottom. Under the influence of temperature gradient, the moisture in subgrade soil moves and accumulates from bottom to top, so the degree of humidity in the upper part of the subgrade surpasses the moisture before freezing. As the volume of water entering into the frozen zone increased more than the volume of the original soil void, the original structure of the soil was destroyed and the upper soil and road surface were pushed upward to cause vertical deformation. Under natural conditions, this deformation is generally not uniform. When more than a certain relative difference, the road that suffered damage, such as uplift, cracks and so on. At this time the soil is very hard frozen, bearing capacity is strong, has not formed a boil, which is the first phase of road frost damage - frost heave stage.