论文部分内容阅读
通过土培盆栽试验,研究了130份小麦材料在相同氮素水平下生物量、氮素积累量、氮素生产效率的基因型差异,旨在筛选具有高效利用氮素能力的小麦基因型,为氮高效小麦育种提供种质资源.结果表明:拔节期、抽穗期和成熟期供试小麦单株生物量变幅分别为1.06～3.08 g、1.88～9.05 g和2.64～13.75 g,单株籽粒产量变幅为1.38～9.90 g.拔节期、抽穗期氮素干物质生产效率变幅分别为25.62～65.41 g.g-1 N(F=5.099**)和35.79～88.70 g·g-1 N(F=5.325**),成熟期氮素籽粒生产效率变幅为19.06～38.54 g.g-1 N(F=4.669**).不同氮素生产效率小麦基因型拔节期氮素干物质生产效率(F=637.941**)、抽穗期氮素干物质生产效率(F=201.173**)及成熟期氮素籽粒生产效率(F=443.450**)存在极显著差异.不同氮素生产效率小麦基因型拔节期、抽穗期及成熟期生物量差异显著,有效分蘖数与穗数差异不显著.氮素生产效率高的基因型具有无效分蘖少、抽穗期前氮素利用能力强、抽穗期-成熟期氮素吸收与再利用能力强等特点.典型氮高效基因型小麦省CXK027-4和良麦4号的籽粒产量是低效基因型694的3.44倍和2.86倍,籽粒氮素积累量是694的3.06倍和2.81倍.
The soil genotype differences of biomass, nitrogen accumulation, and nitrogen production efficiency of 130 wheat cultivars at the same nitrogen level were studied by soil-borne pot experiment, aimed at screening wheat genotypes with high nitrogen use efficiency Nitrogen efficient wheat breeding was used to provide germplasm resources.The results showed that the variation of biomass per plant was 1.06-3.08 g, 1.88-9.05 g and 2.64-13.75 g at jointing, heading and maturing stages respectively. The amplitude of nitrogen production efficiency at jointing stage and heading stage were 25.62 ~ 65.41 g g-1 N (F = 5.099 **) and 35.79 ~ 88.70 g · g-1 N (F = 5.325 **), and the NUE production efficiency was 19.06-38.54 gg-1 N (F = 4.669 **) at mature stage.The NUE production efficiency at jointing stage (F = 637.941 * *), There was a significant difference in nitrogen production efficiency (F = 201.173 **) at heading stage and nitrogen production efficiency (F = 443.450 **) at maturity.Different nitrogen production efficiency at wheat jointing stage, heading There was significant difference in biomass between maturity and maturity, and there was no significant difference between effective tiller number and panicle number. The genotypes had less tillering ability, higher ability of nitrogen utilization before heading, and higher ability of nitrogen absorption and reutilization at heading-maturity stage. The grain yield of typical nitrogen-efficient wheat genotypes CXK027-4 and Liangmai 4 was 3.44 times and 2.86 times of low efficiency genotype 694, respectively. The accumulation of nitrogen in grains was 3.06 times and 2.81 times that of 694, respectively.