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目的调查农村地区60岁以上人群慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患病率、危险因素,为制定COPD防治策略提供依据。方法采取分层随机整群抽样调查方法,于2009年8～11月对枣庄市6个调查点(6个辖区)60岁以上人群进行COPD流行病学调查,实检人口1 824人。通过问诊、体检、峰流速仪或肺功能测试和胸透等方法诊断。诊断标准参照2002年全国COPD诊治指南。采用SPSS 10.0软件进行统计分析,患病率比较用χ2检验,危险因素进行logistic回归分析,相关性比较用直线相关分析,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果检出COPD 281例,患病率为15.41%,男、女性患病率分别为22.06%、10.02%,男女性别比为1.78∶1,患病率男性明显高于女性(χ2=49.23,P<0.01)。诱发因素主要有吸烟、有害气体和呼吸道感染等。结论 COPD是严重危害枣庄市农村地区公众身心健康的疾病,应引起重视。通过调查获得了枣庄市COPD患病率及危险因素,为今后制订综合防治措施提供了依据。
Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in rural areas over 60 years old, and to provide evidence for the development of strategies for prevention and treatment of COPD. Methods A stratified randomized cluster sampling survey was conducted. From August to November in 2009, the epidemiological survey of COPD was conducted in 6 investigation points (6 jurisdictions) over 60 years old in Zaozhuang City. The actual population was 1824. Diagnosed by interrogation, physical examination, peak-flow meter or pulmonary function tests, and chest radiography. Diagnostic criteria refer to the 2002 national guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of COPD. SPSS 10.0 software was used for statistical analysis. The prevalence rate was analyzed byχ2 test and logistic regression analysis of risk factors. Correlation was analyzed by linear correlation analysis, P <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The prevalence of COPD was found in 281 cases, with a prevalence of 15.41%. The prevalence rates of male and female were 22.06% and 10.02% respectively. The sex ratio of male to female was 1.78:1. The prevalence of male was significantly higher than that of female (χ2 = 49.23, P <0.01). The predisposing factors are mainly smoking, harmful gases and respiratory infections. Conclusion COPD is a disease that seriously endangers the public physical and mental health in rural areas of Zaozhuang City and should be taken seriously. The prevalence and risk factors of COPD in Zaozhuang were obtained through investigation, which provided the basis for formulating comprehensive prevention and treatment measures in the future.