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对作物进行有意识的施肥,在1840年德国化学家李比希(Von Liebig)创立植物的矿质营养学说和养分归还学说之后就已开始。所谓合理施肥,就是根据作物种类与品种的营养吸收转化规律、气象条件、土壤物理性状、养分的强度因素和容量因素及元素间的平衡关系,结合作物生长状况,采用相应的肥料种类、形态,选择相应的施肥时期、方法、用量和配比,以达到调节土壤——植物——大气间的养分平衡,保持土壤肥力,实现高产、高质、高效益的目的。就我国目前农化工作的进展,还没有达到完全合理的程度,有的只是注重某一因子的作用,有的只是注重二至三种因子间的关系,甜菜也是如此。
The conscious fertilization of crops began after the doctoral program on mineral nutrition and nutrient restitution of plants by the German chemist Von Liebig in 1840. The so-called rational fertilization, is based on crop species and varieties of nutrient absorption and transformation, meteorological conditions, soil physical properties, nutrient intensity and capacity factors and the balance between the elements, combined with crop growth, using the appropriate type of fertilizer, morphology, Select the appropriate fertilization period, methods, dosage and ratio in order to achieve the regulation of soil - plant - atmosphere nutrient balance, maintain soil fertility and achieve high yield, high quality, high efficiency purposes. As far as the progress of our country’s agrochemical work is concerned, we have not yet reached a completely reasonable level. Some simply focus on the role of one factor, while others focus on the relationship between two or three factors. The same is true for sugar beet.