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抗战胜利后的东北,是当时中国最复杂也是最敏感的地区。从国内来看,由于东北背靠苏、蒙、朝等国,战略位置非常重要。无论谁拥有了东北,都能对华北形成南北夹击之势,战略上处于相当有利的地位。当时东北有3400多万人口和130万平方公里土地,工业、农业、交通运输业均很发达,远远超出全国其他地区,其中钢铁工业和兵工企业更是居全国之冠。这些优势对当时的国共双方来说,都有着无可替代的巨大吸引力。从国际来看,当时有上百万的苏军驻扎在东北,苏联出于其远东安全的考虑,与国民党政府签定了一系列条约以获得在东北的特权,苏联不希望国共冲突给美国以可乘之机;而执行“扶蒋反共”政策的美国则全力支持国民党从苏军手中接收东北,拒绝承认中共在东北的合法地位。这样,东北一时间就成了三国四方(美、苏、国、共)关注的焦点。在这场严峻的斗争中,中共虽在政治、军事上都处于劣势,但通过对各方矛盾的正确分析,毅然决定进军东北,并很快占得先机。其间,中共在东北的战略方针,根据时局的变化先后进行了几次重大的调整,是我党实事求是思想路线在特殊时期的伟大实践。
The northeast after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War was the most complicated and sensitive part of China at the time. From a domestic point of view, the strategic position is very important due to the northeast backing of the Soviet Union, Mongolia and North Korea. No matter who owns the Northeast, North China can form a trend of North-South attack, strategically in a very favorable position. At that time, there were over 34 million people in the northeast and 1.3 million square kilometers of land. Industries, agriculture and transportation were well developed, far beyond the rest of the country. Among them, the steel industry and the military industrial enterprises ranked the highest in the country. These advantages for the then KMT and the Communist party, there is irreplaceable great attraction. Internationally, millions of Soviet troops were stationed in northeast China. For its security in the Far East, the Soviet Union signed a series of treaties with the Kuomintang government to gain the privileges in the northeast. The Soviet Union did not want the KMT-CPC conflict to conflict with the United States The United States that implemented the policy of “opposing Chiang Kai-shek and opposing Chiang Kai-shek” fully supported the Kuomintang in receiving Northeast China from the Soviet troops and refusing to recognize the CCP’s legitimate status in the northeast. In this way, Northeast China has become the focus of attention in all three countries, namely the United States, the Soviet Union, the Soviet Union, and China. In this grim struggle, the CCP possessed a political and military superiority. However, by correctly analyzing the contradictions between the parties, it decided to march toward the northeast and quickly took the initiative. In the meantime, the CPC has conducted several major adjustments in its strategic guideline in the northeast according to changes in the current situation. This is a great practice of our party’s ideological line of seeking truth from facts in a special period.