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本文是对影响母猪初乳和产奶量因素进行的一篇综述。初乳在分娩后立即由乳房分泌,是高消化营养物质的一种丰富来源,对新生仔猪的存活至关重要。初乳含有用于维持生命的重要器官正常发育的天然生长因子。断奶前的窝产性能主要受母猪初乳、产奶量和乳汁摄入量的影响。初乳的重要作用是为仔猪提供能量、仔猪免疫系统发育前和胃肠道发育中的被动免疫。产仔数、初生重、胎次、基因型、内分泌状态、分娩前中后的应激及营养物质可能会影响初乳和产奶量。分娩后前两周的仔猪对营养的需求主要依赖于母猪的乳汁,因为它几乎不采食教槽料。早期仔猪死亡率的20%~30%是由于缺乏充足的营养,这可能归咎于母猪产奶量的不足。因此,尽早且大量摄入初乳是泌乳早期仔猪存活的主要决定因素。
This article is an overview of the factors affecting sow colostrum and milk production. Colostrum is secreted by the breast immediately after childbirth and is a rich source of highly digestible nutrients essential to the survival of newborn piglets. Colostrum contains the natural growth factor that normally develops vital vital organs. The performance of littermates before weaning was mainly affected by colostrum, milk production and milk intake. The important role of colostrum is to provide energy to the piglet, passive immunity during development of the piglet’s immune system and in the development of the gastrointestinal tract. Litter size, birth weight, parity, genotype, endocrine status, pre and postpartum stress and nutrients may affect colostrum and milk production. The nutritional needs of piglets in the first two weeks after giving birth depend mainly on the sows’ milk because it consumes little of the tactile material. Early mortality of 20% to 30% of piglets is due to the lack of adequate nutrition, which may be attributed to the lack of sow milk production. Therefore, early and high intake of colostrum is the main determinant of survival in early lactation piglets.