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明清之际,由于受到古学复兴思想以及政治现实的影响,儒者开始反思宋明以来的心性之学,在研究典范上转向了征实之学。在这种转变过程中,顾炎武以“先王制作”作为其建构的王道政治的正当性基础,在此基础上设计出了一套承载其运行的分权制衡的制度。概括说来,顾氏王道思想的特点主要表现在三个方面:一是在“君国相分”的基础上,顾氏对国家观念进行了一种整体脉络性的转换;二是在“天下之权”的话语下,顾氏对王权进行了一种公共性意涵下的凸显;三是在“君臣相正”的脉络中,顾氏在其所建构的王道政治中对权力内在制衡机制进行了制度性建构。本文即从此三个方面展开对顾氏王道思想特点的分析,以彰显其王道思想的“近代性”特质。
On the occasion of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, due to the influence of the revival of ancient literature and the political reality, the Confucians began to reflect on the psychology of the Song and Ming dynasties and turned to the theory of comprehension in the research paradigm. In this process of transformation, Gu Yan-wu used the prerogative “Wang Wang” as the justification foundation of its constitutional kingship politics. On this basis, Gu Yanwu devised a system of decentralization checks and balances that carried its operation. In a nutshell, the characteristics of Gu’s kingdom’s thought are mainly manifested in three aspects: First, on the basis of “the kingdom’s phase ”, Gu’s transformation of the concept of the state as a whole is relativized; secondly, Under the discourse of “the power of the world”, Gu’s performance of the public power under the connotation of publicity is prominent. Thirdly, in the context of In the system of internal checks and balances of power institutionalized. This article starts from these three aspects to analyze the characteristics of King Gu’s kingdom, in order to demonstrate the “modernity” characteristics of his king’s thought.