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（目的）研究直肠癌术前分期，为临床合理选择手术方式提供客观依据。（方法）对80例直肠癌病人使用术前腔内超声、CT、MRI检查肿瘤病变的深度及肛诊检查估计病变深度与术后病理报告相对照。（结果）直肠内超声检查直肠癌浸润深度的正确诊断率为89．3％，对早期直肠癌的正确诊断率为83．3％。CT正确诊断率为86．4％，早期癌的正确诊断率为666％。MRI的正确诊断率为90％，早期癌的正确诊断率为83．3％。肛诊检查的正确诊断率仅为52．5％。（结论）直肠内超声可分辨直肠壁五层的细微结构，是目前直肠癌术前分期方法中最精确的一种，可做为首选的诊断方法。CT及MRI在分辨肠壁的细微结构方面不及直肠内超声，病人需做肠道准备，且有放射性损害、价格贵、不宜做为术前分期的常规检查手段。
(Objective) To study the preoperative staging of rectal cancer and provide an objective basis for the rational choice of surgical approach. (Methods) The depth of 80 cases of rectal cancer patients who underwent preoperative intra-operative ultrasound, CT, MRI examination of the tumor lesions and the depth of the rectal examination were compared with postoperative pathological reports. (Results) The correct diagnosis rate of rectal cancer invasion depth was 89.3% in rectal ultrasound, and 83.3% in early rectal cancer. The correct rate of CT diagnosis was 86.4%, and the correct rate of early cancer diagnosis was 666%. The correct diagnosis rate of MRI was 90%, and the correct diagnosis rate of early cancer was 83.3%. The correct diagnosis rate for anal examination is only 52.5%. (Conclusion) Rectal ultrasound can distinguish the fine structure of the five layers of the rectal wall, which is the most accurate method in the preoperative staging of rectal cancer and can be used as the first choice for diagnosis. CT and MRI are inferior to rectal ultrasound in recognizing the fine structure of the intestinal wall. The patient needs to do bowel preparation, and has radioactive damage, expensive, and should not be used as a routine examination method for preoperative staging.