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目的了解和掌握甘肃省高台县农村居民生活饮用水水质状况,确保农村居民饮水安全和身体健康,为改善农村生活饮用水卫生质量提供依据。方法对2011—2014年高台县农村饮水工程水质随机抽样,采集枯水期和丰水期的出厂水、末梢水进行检测,依据《生活饮用水标准检验方法》GB/T 5750-2006、《生活饮用水卫生标准》GB 5749-2006进行检测和评判。结果共检测农村居民生活饮用水296份、合格126份,合格率42.6%,不合格项目主要有硫酸盐、臭和味、溶解性总固体、总硬度、菌落总数、总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群、大肠埃希氏菌、氟化物;2011—2014年高台县农村生活饮用水合格率分别为46.6%、43.0%、41.7%和35.4%,差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.614,P>0.05);枯水期和丰水期合格率分别为50.7%和34.5%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.96,P<0.05);出厂水和末梢水合格率分别为43.2%和41.9%,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.055,P>0.05)。结论高台县农村生活饮用水合格率呈逐年下降趋势,存在水源性传染病发生的风险,应加强农村生活饮用水卫生监督和检测,进一步保护水源。
Objective To understand and master the drinking water quality of rural residents in Gaotai County, Gansu Province to ensure the drinking water safety and physical health of rural residents and provide evidences for improving the hygiene quality of rural drinking water. Methods The water quality of rural drinking water project in Gaotai County was randomly sampled from 2011 to 2014. The factory water and the peripheral water were collected during the dry season and wet season. According to Standard Test Method for Domestic Drinking Water, GB / T 5750-2006, Health standards "GB 5749-2006 for testing and evaluation. Results A total of 296 drinking water were tested for rural residents, 126 were qualified, with a pass rate of 42.6%. The unqualified items included sulfate, odor and taste, total dissolved solids, total hardness, total colony, total coliforms, heat resistance Coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli and fluoride. The passing rates of rural drinking water in Gaotai County in 2011-2014 were 46.6%, 43.0%, 41.7% and 35.4%, respectively, with no significant difference (χ2 = 1.614, P > 0.05). The passing rates in dry season and wet season were 50.7% and 34.5%, respectively, with significant differences (χ2 = 7.96, P <0.05). The passing rates of water exudates and extremities were 43.2% and 41.9% No statistical significance (χ2 = 0.055, P> 0.05). Conclusions The passing rate of drinking water in rural areas in Gaotai County is decreasing year by year with the risk of waterborne infectious diseases occurring. Health supervision and testing of rural drinking water should be strengthened to further protect water resources.