我国的灌溉农业历史悠久。在长期的生产发展中,劳动人民发明创造了许多农田灌溉机具。这些灌溉机具在生产中被广泛应用,促进了生产的发展,也体现了当时社会生产力的发展水平。 早在商代,我国人民就开始采用自流灌溉,但那时也多“抱瓮而灌”,人们使用简陋的陶制瓦罐、瓦盆,效率十分低下。 到了春秋时期,出现了桔槔。桔槔是把一根木杆安装在一个支点上,底端系石,顶端挂桶制成的,利用杠杆原理提水,“挈水若抽,数如溢汤”,“一日浸百畦”、“民逸而利多”,在当时是效率最高的灌溉工具。 Irrigated agriculture in China has a long history. In long-term production development, working people invented and created many farmland irrigation machines. These irrigation machines are widely used in production, promoting the development of production, but also reflects the level of development of social productive forces at the time. As early as in the Shang dynasty, our people started to use gravity irrigation, but at that time, they also used to “hold urns and irrigate”. People use primitive pottery and pots with low efficiency. In the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a stirrup. Tangerine is a wooden pole mounted on a fulcrum, the bottom of the Department of stone, linked to the top of the bucket made of the use of lever principle to raise water, “Ru water if pumping, the number of overflow soup,” “one day dip hundred 畦” , “Yi Yi and more profits,” was at the time the most efficient irrigation tools.