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氧分子进行单电子还原生成超氧离子自由基:O_2+e→·O_2~-这个反应在生命过程中起着正反两方面作用。由于·O_2~-和它的进一步还原产物H_2O_2、·OH等对生物大分子有很强的破坏作用,所以嗜中细胞吞噬细菌、消灭细菌就是利用产生·O_2~-,而体内或体外来源的·O_2~-又会破坏细胞,产生一系列退化性、损伤性疾病。因此,研究什么物质能把O_2还原成·O_2~-以及还原的程度大小是一个十分重要的问题。用化学的语言来说,下列反应的平衡常数K是多少:
Oxygen molecules single electron reduction to generate superoxide radical: O 2 + e → · O 2 ~ - This reaction plays a positive and negative role in the life process. Because O 2 ~ - and its further reduction products H 2 O 2, · OH and other biological macromolecules have a strong destructive effect, so phagocytic bacteria phagocytosis, the elimination of bacteria is the use of O 2 -, and in vitro or in vitro sources · O_2 ~ - will destroy cells, resulting in a series of degenerative and damaging diseases. Therefore, it is a very important issue to study what can reduce O 2 to · O 2 ~ and the degree of reduction. In chemical terms, what is the equilibrium constant, K, for the following reaction: