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预计到2020年,较1980年设计标准中国建筑环境碳排放总量将实现降低50%的目标。这对于如何维持夏季湿热、冬季寒冷的大陆性气候地区室内环境的舒适性是一个严峻挑战。就该地区而言,建筑普遍采取封闭形式的围护结构(如玻璃幕墙),并依靠空调系统维持室内环境的舒适性。该类建筑往往通过空调设备技术的改进以及可再生能源的利用,一定程度上达到降低建筑能耗的目的。本文涉及的研究项目开发了一种混合式运行环境设计方案:室外气候条件允许时,借助自然通风对办公楼内热环境进行调控;室外气候条件不宜自然通风时,对大楼进行机械通风。本文首先描述了模拟该设计方案采用的专用软件和方法。该方案首次实际应用在一个钢筋混凝土结构的建筑上,此外,该建筑最初采用了大面积的玻璃幕墙,这也增加了混合式运行环境设计的难度。本文也将改进后的方案与玻璃幕墙方案进行了建筑能耗等方面的对比。此外,针对混合式运行所需要的通风井个数也进行了技术经济比较,同时运用敏感性分析的方法,对通风井个数不同的两个方案对应的建筑室内热环境进行了预测对比研究。
It is estimated that by 2020, China’s construction environment will achieve a 50% reduction in total carbon emissions compared with the design standard in 1980. This is a serious challenge to how to maintain the comfort of the indoor environment in hot and cold winter months in continental climates. In the area, enclosed buildings (such as glass curtain walls) are commonly used in buildings and rely on air-conditioning systems to maintain the comfort of indoor environments. Such buildings often through the improvement of air-conditioning equipment technology and the use of renewable energy, to some extent to achieve the purpose of reducing building energy consumption. The research project involved in this article has developed a hybrid operating environment design that uses natural ventilation to regulate the thermal environment in the building when outdoor weather conditions allow; and mechanical ventilation to the building when outdoor weather conditions are not suitable for natural ventilation. This article first describes the specific software and methods used to simulate this design. For the first time, the solution was applied to a reinforced concrete structure. In addition, the building was originally constructed with a large-area glass curtain wall, which also increased the difficulty of designing hybrid operating environments. This paper also compares the improved scheme with the glass curtain wall scheme for building energy consumption and other aspects. In addition, the number of ventilating wells needed for hybrid operation was also compared technologically and economically. At the same time, sensitivity analysis method was used to compare and forecast the indoor thermal environment of the two schemes with different number of ventilation shafts.