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应用多聚酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）技术，直接通过肾移植受者外周血白细胞检测病毒ＤＮＡ，诊断人类巨细胞病毒（ＨＣＭＶ）活性感染。结果术前所有受者及其供者ＤＮＡ检测均为阴性，术后共检出４例阳性受者。另有３例患者亦出现类似病毒感染的症状，ＤＮＡ检测为阴性，后经检查确诊为结核和霉菌感染。２例术后１年多出现发热的受者经ＤＮＡ检测，排除ＣＭＶ感染，确诊为慢性排斥反应和霉菌感染。以上结果表明，ＰＣＲ作为移植受者术后ＨＣＭＶ活性感染的诊断手段，简单快速，准确性高，成本低，并可用于鉴别其它细菌（如霉菌）感染或慢性排斥反应。
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the active DNA of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) by detecting the virus DNA directly from peripheral blood leukocytes of kidney transplant recipients. Results All patients and their donors had negative DNA test before operation, and 4 positive patients were detected after operation. Another 3 patients also showed similar virus infection symptoms, DNA test was negative, after examination confirmed tuberculosis and fungal infection. Two patients who developed fever more than one year after operation were detected by DNA and CMV infection was excluded. Chronic rejection and fungal infection were diagnosed. The above results indicate that PCR as a diagnostic tool for postoperative HCMV infection in transplant recipients is simple, rapid, accurate, low cost and can be used to identify other bacterial (such as mold) infection or chronic rejection.