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目的：总结三十年来我国医院感染监测活动所取得的成效，探索医院感染监测的变化趋势，寻找适合我国医院感染监测的新模式。方法抽取13个省（自治区、直辖市）及军队系统综合性医院194所，采用问卷调查的方式调查其医院感染监测工作开展情况。结果194所医院审核后数据可用医院为184所（94．85％）。二级、三级医院医院感染发病率分别为0．78％、1．58％，两组比较，差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．01）。以2006年为界线分为两个阶段，2006年以前、2006—2016年开展各项监测的医院累计比率：环境卫生学监测分别为73．91％、100．00％，消毒效果监测分别为69．57％、97．28％，全面综合性监测分别为64．67％、98．91％，手术部位感染监测分别为13．04％、94．57％，ICU 医院感染监测分别为4．89％、87．50％，新生儿医院感染监测分别为1．75％、60．82％，多重耐药菌监测分别为5．43％、95．65％，手卫生依从性监测分别为2．17％、93．48％，抗菌药物监测分别为15．22％、87．50％。三级医院医院感染暴发事件报告的比率为33．33％（37所），高于二级医院16．44％（12所），差异有统计学意义（P ＝0．01）。结论我国医院感染监测起步较晚，但发展较快。我国医院感染监测系统仍然存在缺陷，医院感染病例漏报率仍较高，医院感染暴发报告率低。“,”Objective To summarize the effectiveness in monitoring activities for healthcare-associated infection (HAI)in China in the past 30 years,explore the changing trend in HAI monitoring,find a new model for the moni-toring of HAI in China.Methods A total of 194 comprehensive hospitals and military hospitals in 13 provinces (au-tonomous regions,municipalities)were selected,questionnaire survey was adopted to investigate the situation of HAI monitoring.Results Of 194 hospitals,184 (94.85%)had available data after being checked,incidence of HAI in secondary and tertiary hospitals were 0.78% and 1.58% respectively,difference was significant (P <0.01).Monitoring was divided into two stages,cumulative percentage of each monitoring activity before 2006 and during 2006-2016 were respectively as follows:environmental hygiene were 73.91% and 100.00%,disinfection ef-ficacy 69.57% and 97.28%,overall comprehensive monitoring 64.67% and 98.91%,surgical site infection(SSI) 13.04% and 94.57%,ICU HAI 4.89% and 87.50%,neonatal HAI 1.75% and 60.82%,multidrug-resistant or-ganisms(MDROs)5.43% and 95.65%,hand hygiene compliance 2.17% and 93.48%,antimicrobial agents 15.22% and 87.50%.The reporting rate of HAI outbreak in tertiary hospitals was higher than secondary hospitals (33.33% [n=37]vs 16.44%[n=12],P =0.01).Conclusion The monitoring of HAI in China starts late,but develops rapidly,defects still exist in HAI monitoring system,reporting rate of HAI cases is still high,reporting rate of HAI outbreak is low.