一、引言我们人类自称为“智慧生物”是因为我们有着不断观察、学习、思考、进步的能力,这在地球上是独一无二的。因此,当我们想到能像上帝创造人类一样,制造出一种智能机器时,心情总是振奋的,这也正是人工智能技术努力的方向。人工智能技术在如今的知识经济时代扮演着十分重要的角色,在美国、欧洲和日本等地发展迅速,并且带动了多种信息科学领域的发展,信息学、控制学、仿生学、计算机学等领域的技术突破均被运用到人工智 I. INTRODUCTION We humans claim to be “smart creatures” because we have the ability to continuously observe, learn, think and improve. This is unique on Earth. So when we think of creating a kind of intelligent machine as God created mankind, the mood is always uplifting, and that’s exactly where AI technology works. Artificial intelligence technology plays a very important role in today’s era of knowledge economy. It has developed rapidly in the United States, Europe and Japan, and has led to the development of many fields of information science, informatics, control science, bionics, computer science, etc. Areas of technological breakthroughs have been applied to artificial intelligence