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鼻腔给药制剂,不管是起局部作用还是起全身作用,应对鼻腔通过纤毛上皮的自洁作用不产生影响。但是,许多药物及其助剂对鼻腔纤毛起不良影响。例如,亲脂性和含汞防腐剂、局麻剂、抗组胺剂、心得安及吸收促进剂(如胆酸盐),均是纤毛毒性物质,而胆碱能和β-肾上腺素能药物则刺激纤毛。起局部作用的滴鼻剂用途最广,作为非处方用药,用于常见病,如感冒、枯草热。同时,鼻粘膜是药物的可能吸收部位,因为鼻粘膜表面积大,血流充足。鼻腔给药,可以避免口服时出现的首过作用和胃肠道对药物的分解。
Nasal preparations, whether local or systemic, should have no effect on nasal self-cleaning through the ciliated epithelium. However, many drugs and their aids adversely affect nasal cilia. For example, lipophilic and mercury-containing preservatives, local anesthetics, antihistamines, propranolol and absorption enhancers such as cholate, are ciliary toxic substances, whereas cholinergic and β-adrenergic drugs Stimulate cilia. Nasal drip, which acts as a topical agent, has the widest use as an over-the-counter medication for common diseases such as cold and hay fever. At the same time, the nasal mucosa is a possible drug absorption site, because the nasal mucosa surface area, adequate blood flow. Nasal administration, to avoid the first pass when oral and gastrointestinal effects of drug decomposition.