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目的调查研究幼儿园儿童乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染及免疫预防现状,为降低其发生率提供参考。方法对2015年1月-2016年12月深圳市西乡84所幼儿园的8 928例在园儿童的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 8 928例幼儿园儿童HBs Ag阳性93例,阳性率为1.04%,Anti-HBs阳性7 721例,阳性率为89.48%,乙肝疫苗全程接种7 436例(83.29%),未全程接种860例(9.63%),未进行接种632例(7.08%)。乙肝疫苗未进行接种儿童HBs Ag阳性率显著高于乙肝疫苗全程接种及未全程接种儿童,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而Anti-HBs阳性显著低于乙肝疫苗全程接种及未全程接种儿童,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。单因素及logistic多因素分析提示:监护人文化程度及对HBV认知程度是影响幼儿园儿童乙肝疫苗接种的危险因素,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论乙肝疫苗接种有助于预防HBV感染,应做好计划免疫管理、加强宣传教育,提高全程接种率。
Objective To investigate the status of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and immunization in kindergarten children, and to provide a reference for reducing its incidence. Methods The clinical data of 8 928 in-school children in 84 kindergartens in Xixiang, Shenzhen from January 2015 to December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Results The positive rate of HBs Ag in 8288 kindergarten children was 1.04%, the anti-HBs positive was 7 721, the positive rate was 89.48%, the number of HBsAg vaccinated children was 7 436 (83.29%), and 860 9.63%), 632 (7.08%) were not inoculated. The positive rate of HBsAg in children without hepatitis B vaccine was significantly higher than that in children vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine and not fully vaccinated, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05), while the positive of Anti-HBs was significantly lower than that of hepatitis B vaccine Children, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Univariate and logistic multivariate analysis suggested that the educational level of guardians and the degree of cognition of HBV were the risk factors influencing the hepatitis B vaccination in kindergarten children, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion Hepatitis B vaccination is helpful to prevent HBV infection, immunization should be planned well, publicity and education should be strengthened, and the whole vaccination rate should be raised.