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赵翼《题遗山诗》云:“国家不幸诗家幸,赋到沧桑句便工.”明朝后期一百多年,是一个动荡混乱的年代,又是一个思想解放、文艺丰收的时代.皇帝的昏庸,宦官的专横,官僚间的倾轧,撕毁了最高统治者的庄严宝相,也削弱了他们对民众和知识界的控制能力.于是,广大知识界开始从麻木和畏葸中觉醒并振奋起来.先是思想界王学的崛起.接着是文学界浪漫主义潮流的汹涌澎湃,后来还在政治界出现了敢于批评时政的东林党.社会的激烈动荡和变化,正是文学创作与寓言剧作的沃土;思想的解放与活跃,则为文学创作与寓言剧创作开拓了新的视野;而晚明戏剧创作的繁荣局面,又为寓言与戏剧的结合,提供了客观条件.有此三项条件,晚明寓言剧的创作高潮自然会应运而生.代表作家有:徐渭、汤显祖、车任远、孙钟龄、陈与郊、徐复祚、王衡、茅维等.另外值得一提的现象是;正如某些小说中穿插寓言一样,某些戏剧也穿插寓言.如梁辰鱼的《浣纱记》传奇,以西施和范蠡的爱情故事为主线铺叙吴越争霸的历史故事,企图表现出“兴废运转”的历史哲理.为了加强哲理性,作者把“螳螂捕蝉”的故事直接引入剧中,借吴王夫差的小儿子之口说了出来.全剧还有很多直接表述分与合、卑与尊、小与大、祸与福相互转化之理的唱词宾白.《浣纱记》不是寓言剧,但用形象宣传?
Zhao Yi “inscription Mountain Poetry” said: “Unfortunately, the poem of the country unfortunately, given the vicissitudes of life sentence.” Ming Dynasty more than a hundred years, is a turmoil chaos era, but also an era of ideological emancipation, bumper art era The stupidness of the emperor, the tyranny of the eunuchs, the bureaucratic strife, the devastation of the solemn princes of the supreme rulers, and the diminution of their ability to control the populace and the intelligentsia, the general intelligentsia began to awaken from numbness and defiance Excited up the rise of the first school of thought of the ideological field followed by surging romanticism in the literary circles and later the emergence of the Donglin Party which dared to criticize the current political affairs.It is precisely the literary creation and parable The fertile land of drama plays an important role in literary creation and the creation of allegory drama. The prosperous situation of drama creation in the late Ming Dynasty provides an objective condition for the combination of allegory and drama. The conditions for the creation of the late Ming fable drama will naturally come into existence. Representative writers are: Xu Wei, Tang Xian Zu, Che Renyuan, Sun Zhongling, Chen and suburbs, Xu Fuyi, Wang Heng, Mao Wei, etc. Also worth mentioning is the phenomenon; positive As some fables in the story, some of the drama also interludes allegory.Such as Liang Chenyu’s “Huan Shajue” legend, with the love story of Shih Tzu and Fan Li as the main line to narrate the history of Wu Yue hegemony in an attempt to show “Hing waste Operation. ”In order to strengthen the philosophical nature, the author directly introduced the story of“ Mantis Cicadas ”into the play and said it through the mouth of the youngest son of Wu Fu-wu. There are many direct expressions in the whole play, And Respect, small and big, evil and mutual transformation of the merits of the libretto. “Huan Shaki” is not allegory, but the image of publicity?