Based on extensive interviews in China and in Africa over 2 years,the present paper investigates Chinese private direct investment in Africa.Drawing on the Swedish Uppsala model,we explore two mian issues.First,do Chinese private enterprises follow the linear mode to invest in Africa? Second,if not,how do they go out and develop their investments, and who helps them overcome the obstacles to investing in Africa? We find that very few Chinese private enterprises follow a linear internationalization process,and most depend on the local overseas Chinese network and other networks to facilitate their entry into the host market.The reason lies in that Chinese private enterprises are still at the early stage of internationalization.Entrepreneurship is one of the most important ownership advantages of Chinese private enterprises investing in Africa. Based on extensive interviews in China and in Africa over 2 years, the present paper investigates Chinese private direct investment in Africa. Drawing on the Swedish Uppsala model, we explore two years issue. First, do Chinese private enterprises follow the linear mode to invest in Africa? Second, if not, how do they go out and develop their investments, and who helps them overcome the obstacles to investing in Africa? We find that very few Chinese private enterprises follow a linear internationalization process, and most depend on the local overseas Chinese network and other networks to facilitate their entry into the host market market. The reason lies in that Chinese private enterprises are still at the early stage of internationalization. Entrepreneurship is one of the most important ownership advantages of Chinese private enterprises investing in Africa.