论文部分内容阅读
一、概说控制论的创始人美国的维纳将信息定义为:“我们对外界进行调节并使我们的调节为外界所理解时而与外界交换来的东西”。由此推论光、电、机械等的物理信号则是狭义的信息,而广义信息还包括生物体中传输的信息,人类在思想交流和决策时所应用的政治、文化、经济信息和科技情报,诸如新闻、资料、文章、海报均属信息的范畴。语言文字是社会信息、山色湖光是自然信息、计算机程序是技术信息、遗传密码是生物信息。生物体的感觉器官自发地完成信息的产生、传递和利用。例如,向日葵根据太阳光的信息而运动,候鸟依照气候变化的信息而迁居,这种接收、传递信息的功能通过遗传基因而传给下一代。人类也一样,为着一定的目的不断接受、存储、处理和输出信息,根据外界的信
I. General introduction to the founder of cybernetics Wiener of the United States defined information as: “We regulate the outside world and make our adjustments something that the outside world understands and exchanges with the outside world”. Therefore, physical signals such as optics, electricity, and machinery are narrowly defined. General information also includes information transmitted in living organisms, political, cultural, economic information, and scientific and technological information that humans use in ideological communication and decision-making. Such as news, information, articles, posters are all information. The language is social information, the mountain lake is natural information, the computer program is technical information, and the genetic code is biological information. The sensory organs of the organism spontaneously complete the creation, transmission, and use of information. For example, sunflowers move according to the information of sunlight and migratory birds relocate according to the information of climate change. This function of receiving and transmitting information is transmitted to the next generation through genetic genes. The same is true for human beings. They constantly receive, store, process, and export information for certain purposes.