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目的:探讨1岁以下小儿非创伤性颅内出血的病因及临床特征。方法:收集135例1岁以下非创伤性颅内出血者的临床资料,分为新生儿组67例、婴儿组68例,采用SPSS 20.0软件对数据进行统计学分析,计数资料的分析采用Fisher精确概率法。结果与结论:颅内出血新生儿组平均发病年龄为4.47 d,≤7 d发病者54例(80.60%);婴儿组平均发病年龄79.70 d,1~3月龄发病者58例(85.29%)。两组症状、体征的构成比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),面色异常(苍白、青紫)、其他部位出血、烦躁不安在婴儿组发生率更高,而气急更多见于新生儿组;神经反射异常多见于新生儿,而前囟饱满、瞳孔异常、昏迷多见于婴儿。1岁以下小儿非创伤性颅内出血的主要病因新生儿组为新生儿窒息、早产,婴儿组为晚发型维生素K缺乏。
Objective: To explore the etiology and clinical features of non-traumatic intracranial hemorrhage in children under 1 year old. Methods: The clinical data of 135 cases of non-traumatic intracranial hemorrhage under 1 year old were collected and divided into 67 cases of neonatal group and 68 cases of infant group. The data were analyzed by SPSS 20.0 software. The count data were analyzed by Fisher exact probability law. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In neonates with intracranial hemorrhage, the average age of onset was 4.47 d, and those with onset of ≤7 d were 54 (80.60%). The mean age at onset was 79.70 d in infants and 58 (85.29%) at 1-3 months. Symptoms and signs of the two groups showed statistically significant differences (P <0.05), abnormal facial appearance (pale, bruising), bleeding in other areas, irritability in infants more often, Nerve reflex abnormalities more common in newborns, while the full bregma, pupillary abnormalities, coma more common in infants. The main cause of non-traumatic intracranial hemorrhage in children under 1 year old Neonatal asphyxia neonatorum, premature birth, infants with late-onset vitamin K deficiency.