一、特困企业职工的就业和生活现状 最近,笔者在苏北几个县(区)的调查中了解到,当前处于停产、半停产的企业约占全部企业的10％左右,而待业工人约占全部工人的15％。停产企业中,不少是企业规模较大、职工人数较多的中型企业。这一特点,决定了这些企业在调整产品结构、加强内部管理以及职工安置和再就业等方面比小型企业难度要大得多。 当前,特困企业职工的就业状况大体上分为以下几种:(1)自找门路调离特困企业的工人约占企业总职工的3—4％。目前,在中等以下城市,劳动服务机制尚不健全,职工的劳动就业渠道还比较单一,企业之间的流动,主要依靠职工自身的力量来实现。由于不同企业之间的工种差异性较大,加之正常生产企业过多考虑本企业负担、职工素质等问题,有的宁可从农村招收新工人,也不愿意接收停产企业的老工人,因此,待业职工很难在本地找到合适的工作。(2)由产业工人转为打工妹、打工仔的约占6—8％。特困企业中,不乏技术骨干,特别是一些在通用性技术岗位上的工人,如电工、车工、管道工、驾驶员、财会人员等都具有一技之长,目前经济发达地区企业需求量较大,同时,在周围地区一些相近企业,有的也需要引进一些设备、工艺、新品开发方面的专业人才,这就为停产企业的技术骨干和熟 I. Status Quo of Employment and Living of Staff and Workers in Specially Deprived Enterprises Recently, the author learned from surveys in several counties (districts) in northern Jiangsu that the companies currently in production or semi-discontinued production account for about 10% of all enterprises, while the number of unemployed workers accounts for approximately 15% of all workers. Among the enterprises that have stopped production, many are medium-sized enterprises with large enterprises and a large number of employees. This characteristic determines that these enterprises are much more difficult than small-scale enterprises in adjusting product structure, strengthening internal management, and resettling and reemploying workers. At present, the employment status of employees in extremely difficult enterprises is broadly divided into the following categories: (1) Workers who find their way out of special hardship enterprises account for about 3% to 4% of their total employees. At present, in the middle-and-lower cities, the labor service mechanism is still not perfect, and the labor employment channels of the employees are relatively simple. The flow between enterprises depends mainly on the strength of the employees themselves. Due to the large variety of jobs among different companies, coupled with the over-consideration of the normal production enterprises’ burden on the enterprise and the quality of employees, some prefer to recruit new workers from the countryside and are reluctant to accept old workers who have stopped production. Therefore, they are unemployed. Employees find it difficult to find suitable jobs locally. (2) 6 to 8% of industrial workers are employed as working girls and wage earners. There are no shortages of technical backbones in special hardship enterprises. In particular, some workers in general-purpose technical jobs such as electricians, car mechanics, plumbers, drivers, and accounting personnel all have a skill. At present, enterprises in economically developed regions have a large demand. At the same time, Some similar companies in the surrounding area also need to introduce some professional talents in equipment, process, and new product development. This is the technical backbone of the company that has stopped production.