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目的分析广东省中小学生形态发育特征及动态变化趋势,探讨中小学生生长发育的长期变化规律及特征。方法利用1991—2014年广东省6次学生体质健康调研数据,对7~18岁中小学生身高、体重、胸围的发育特征和变化趋势进行比较分析。结果 23年间,各年龄组男、女生平均身高分别增长4.8,3.8 cm,18岁男、女生分别增长2.7,1.1cm。各年龄组男、女生平均体重分别增长5.6,3.6 kg,18岁男、女生分别增长4.4,0.8 kg。各年龄组男、女生平均胸围分别增长1.2,0.6 cm,18岁男、女生分别减少1.0,1.5 cm。形态表现为身体纵向、横向维度变化不均衡,不同时期身高、体重均值呈长期正增长趋势,胸围均值呈现前负后正的双向型变化趋势。结论广东省中小学生身体形态发育均值随年龄增长而增长,身高、体重与胸围的发育存在不平衡,胸围发育负增长趋势已逐步扭转。
Objective To analyze the characteristics of morphological development and dynamic changes of primary and secondary school students in Guangdong Province and to explore the long-term changes and characteristics of primary and secondary school students’ growth and development. Methods Based on the data of 6 students’ physical health in 1991-2014 in Guangdong Province, the developmental characteristics and changing trends of body height, body weight and chest circumference of 7-18-year-old primary and secondary school students were compared and analyzed. Results In 23 years, the average height of male and female students in all age groups increased by 4.8 and 3.8 cm, respectively, and the male and female students increased by 2.7 and 1.1 cm respectively. The average body weight of males and females in each age group increased by 5.6,3.6 kg and that of males and females by 18 years increased by 4.4,0.8 kg. The average bust size of boys and girls in each age group increased by 1.2 and 0.6 cm, respectively, while that of 18-year-old boys and girls decreased by 1.0 and 1.5 cm respectively. Morphological manifestations of the body vertical and horizontal dimensions of the imbalance in different periods of height, weight showed a long-term positive growth trend, the mean bust was negative before and after the two-way trend. Conclusion The average body shape of primary and middle school students in Guangdong province grows with age. There is an imbalance between height and body weight and development of chest circumference, and the negative growth of bust has been gradually reversed.