论文部分内容阅读
本研究在高度密植的苹果园进行。苹果品种为马林砧木的比斯蜂红色苹果。土壤管理分四种处理:全部地面植被覆盖、控制植被覆盖面、浅耕和黑塑膜覆盖。从1931年到1985年期间,在各种处理的土壤深度0.2米和1.0米处量测土温。与全部地面植被覆盖相比,减少地面植被覆盖的处理,特别是经黑塑膜复盖处理的土壤,>10℃积温(度·天)都有增高。此外,尚造成温度变幅的明显加大,在黑塑膜覆盖下,夏季最高温更高而冬季最低温更低。尽管土壤温度有出现更加极端值之虞,但在黑塑膜复盖下,萍果产量却明显提高。黑塑膜复盖处理中,果叶的 N,Mg 含量增高,而全面植被复盖的,果叶 P、K 含量一直很高且 Ca、Zn 含量偶尔增加。这些含量差异,多是果园中地面植被同果树争肥所致。利用简单的回归分析,即可用夏地气象台的土温资料来预测四种土壤管理的两种深度的月均土温。
This study was conducted in highly apposed apple orchards. Apple variety Beeling red apple with Marlin rootstock. Soil management is divided into four kinds of treatment: all the ground vegetation cover, vegetation cover control, shallow plowing and black plastic film coverage. From 1931 to 1985 soil temperature was measured at 0.2 and 1.0 meters depth for various treatments. Compared with the total surface vegetation cover, the treatment of reducing the vegetation cover on the ground, especially the soil covered by the black plastic film, has an increase of> 10 ℃ accumulated temperature (degrees · day). In addition, the temperature increase is still significantly increased, under the cover of black plastic film, the highest temperature in summer is higher and the lowest temperature in winter is lower. Despite the fact that the soil temperature is more extreme, there is a clear increase in the yield of the apple under the cover of the black plastic film. In the black plastic film covering treatment, the content of N and Mg in fruit leaf increased, but the contents of P and K in fruit leaf were high and the content of Ca and Zn increased occasionally. These differences in content, mostly in the orchard in the ground with the fruit trees fruiting due to fertilizer. Using simple regression analysis, the monthly mean soil temperature at two depths of the four soil managements can be predicted using the soil temperature data from the summer meteorological station.