党的“十五大”和十五届一中全会提出“用三年左右的时间,通过改革、改组、改造和加强管理,使大多数国有大中型亏损企业摆脱困境,大多数国有大中型企业初步建立现代企业制度”。经过各级政府和企业努力,三年脱困目标基本实现,主要体现在:工业经济综合指数逐月攀升,企业盈利水平不断提高,亏损额逐月回落,产销衔接进一步趋好。但“三年脱困”目标的实现并不是国有企业改革与发展任务的完成,而是在“新平台”上的继续。当前国有企业不仅面临着与国内非国有企业的竞争,更严峻的是还面临着加入WTO与外国企业的直面竞争,这对深化改革提出更紧迫的要求。从改革现实来看,近几年对解决深层矛盾进行了探索,在“十五”期间改革的关键是理清近几年的改革解决了什么,还亟待突破什么。 The “15th National Congress of the Party” and the First Plenary Session of the 15th Session of the CPC Central Committee put forward the proposal: “In about three years, most state-owned large and medium-sized enterprises will get out of their predicament through reform, restructuring, transformation and strengthening of management so that most state-owned large and medium-sized enterprises The initial establishment of a modern enterprise system. ” After all levels of government and enterprises worked hard, the goal of three-year recovery from poverty basically achieved. The comprehensive index of industrial economy climbed up month by month, the profitability of enterprises continued to increase, the amount of losses dropped month by month, and the convergence between production and sales went even better. However, the realization of the goal of “three-year relief” is not the completion of the task of state-owned enterprise reform and development, but the continuation of the “new platform.” At present, the state-owned enterprises are facing not only the competition with the domestic non-state-owned enterprises but also the more serious ones facing the face-to-face competition between joining the WTO and foreign enterprises. This poses more pressing demands for deepening the reform. From the reality of the reform, we have explored the solution to the deep-rooted contradictions in recent years. The key to the reform during the 10th Five-Year Plan is to find out what the reforms in recent years have solved and what we still need to break through.