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目的分析梅州市乙脑流行特征,为乙脑预防控制工作提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学调查、ELISA检测方法对梅州市2003-2007年乙脑病例进行检测和分析。结果2003-2007年梅州市五华等6县(市、区)共发生乙脑流行病例93例。流行高峰为6月份。年龄最小8个月,最大13岁,以6～10岁为多见。发病地区以五华县(64例)为主,占68.82%。临床表现以高热、嗜睡、昏迷、抽搐和锥体受损为主,易诊断为“病毒脑”。乙脑特异性抗体IgM检出率为48.33%。结论梅州市乙脑流行高峰为6月份,流行季节、流行地区发生“病毒脑”时应作乙脑IgM抗体检测鉴别。对≤10周岁的儿童应急接种乙脑灭活疫苗是控制乙脑流行的有效措施,10～15d可达到效果。
Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of Japanese encephalitis in Meizhou City and provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of Japanese encephalitis. Methods Descriptive epidemiological investigation and ELISA detection method were used to detect and analyze JE cases in Meizhou from 2003 to 2007. Results 93 cases of JE epidemic occurred in 6 counties (cities and districts) of Meizhou Wuhua during 2003-2007. The peak is June. The youngest 8 months, maximum 13 years old, to 6 to 10 years of age is more common. Wu Hua County in the area (64 cases), accounting for 68.82%. Clinical manifestations of fever, lethargy, coma, convulsions and cones mainly damage, easy to diagnose “virus brain.” IgM-specific antibody detection rate of 48.33%. Conclusions The peak of Japanese encephalitis in Meizhou City is June. In the epidemic season, IgM antibody should be used to detect and identify Japanese encephalitis in the endemic areas. Emergency vaccination of children aged ≤10 years of JE inactivated vaccine is an effective measure to control the epidemic of Japanese encephalitis, 10 ~ 15d to achieve the desired effect.